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Peritoneum_2.ppt
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- 2. General features Theperitoneum is a thin serous membrane that line the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities Parietal peritoneum －lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities Visceral peritoneum －covers the organs Peritoneal cavity －the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum, in the mail, is a closed sac, but in the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina
- 3. Function Secretes alubricating serous fluid that continuously moistens the associated organs Absorb Support viscera
- 4. The relationship betweenviscera and peritoneum Intraperitoneal viscera －viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary Interperitoneal viscera －most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus Retroperitoneal viscera－some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter Intraperitoneal viscera Interperitoneal viscera Retroperitoneal viscera
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- 6. Structures which areformed by peritoneum Omentum － two-layered fold of peritoneum that extends from stomach to adjacent organs
- 7. Lessor omentum －two- layeredfold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum Hepatogastric ligament －extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach Hepatoduodenal ligament Extends from porta hepatis to superior part of duodenum Contains common bile duct, proper hepatic a. and hepatic portal v.
- 8. Omental foramen Behindthe right border of hepatoduodenal ligament Superior－caudate lobe of liver Inferior－superior part of duodenum Anterior－hepatodudenal ligament Posterior－peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava
- 9. Greater omentum －four-layered foldof peritoneum, the anterior two layers descend from the greater curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum and hangs down like an apron in front of coils of small intestine, and then turns upward and attaches to the transverse colon. If an infection occurs in the intestine, plasma cells formed in the lymph nodes combat the infection and help prevent it from spreading to the peritoneum.
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- 11. Omental bursa Position－situated behindthe lesser omentum and stomach Walls Superior－peritoneum which covers the caudate lobe of liver and diaphragm Anterior－formed by lesser omentum, peritoneum of posterior wall of stomach, and anterior two layers of greater omentum Inferior－conjunctive area of anterior and posterior two layers of greater omentum Posterior－formed by posterior two layers of greater omentum, transverse colon and transverse mesocolon, peritoneum covering pancreas, left kidney and suprarenal gland
- 12. Left－formed bythe spleen, gastrosplenic ligamentand splenorenal ligament Right－formed by omental foramen The Omental bursa (lesser sac) communicates with the greater sac through the omental foramen.
- 13. Mesenteries or mesocolons－ two-layeredfold of peritoneum that attach part of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall
- 14. Mesentery －suspends the smallintestine from the posterior abdominal wall Broad and a fan-shaped Consists of two peritoneal layers Intestinal border－folded, 7 m long Radix of mesentery 15 cm long Directed obliquely from left side of L2 to in front of right sacroiliac joint
- 16. Mesoappendix Triangular mesentery－ extendsfrom terminal part of ileum to appendix Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix
- 17. Transverse mesocolon －a doublefold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall Sigmoid mesocolon －inverted V-shaped, with apex located in front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery
- 18. Ligaments －two-layered folds ofperitoneum that attached the lesser mobile solid visera to the abdominal wall Ligaments of liver Falciform ligament of liver Consists of double peritoneal layer Extends from anterior abdominal wall (umbilicus) to live Free border of ligament site of ligamentum teres
- 19. Coronary ligament －thearea between upper and lower parts of the coronary ligament is the bare area of live, this area is devoid of peritoneum and lies in contract with the diaphragm Left and right triangular ligaments －formed by right extremity of coronary ligament and left leaf of falciform ligament, respectively
- 20. Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament Ligamentum teres hepatis
- 21. Ligaments of spleen Gastrosplenic ligament －a double layer of peritoneum that connects the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen. In this double layer of peritoneum are the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels Splenorenal ligament －extends between the hilum of spleen and anterior aspect of left kidney. The splenic vessels lies within this ligament, as well as the tail of pancreas Phrenicosplenic ligament Splenocolic ligament
- 22. Ligaments of stomach Hepatogastric ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastropancrestic ligament
- 23. Folds and recessesof posterior abdominal wall Superior duodenal fold and recess Inferior duodenal fold and recess Intersigmoid recess －formed by the inverted V attachment of sigmoid mesocolon
- 24. Retrocecal recess －inwhich the appendix frequenty lies Hepatorenal recess －lies between the right lobe of liver, right kidney, and right colic flexure, and is the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the subject is supine
- 25. Folds and fossasof anterior abdominal wall Medial umbilical fold － contain the remnant of urachus (median umbilical ligaments) Medial umbilical fold － contains remnants of the umbilical arteries (medial umbilical ligaments) Lateral umbilical fold － contains the inferior epigastric vessels Supravesical fossa Medial inguinal fossa Lateral inguinal fossa
- 26. Pouches In male－rectovesical pouch In female Rectouterine pouch －between rectum and uterus Vesicouterine pouch －between bladder and uterus
- 27. Peritoneal subdivisions The transversecolon and transverse mesocolon divides the greater sac into supracolic and infracolic compartments. Supracolic compartments (subphrenic space)－lies between diaphragm and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon Suprahepatic recess lies between the diaphragm and live－ the falciform ligament divides it into right and left suprahepatic recesses
- 28. Left suprahepatic recesses left anterior suprahepatic spaces left posterior suprahepatic spaces Right suprahepatic recesses right anterior suprahepatic spaces right posterior suprahepatic spaces bare area of live (extraperitoneal space)
- 29. Infrahepatic recess lies betweenthe live and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon－the ligamentum teres hepatic divides it into right and left infrahepatic recesses Right infrahepatic recesses (hepatorenal recess) Left infrahepatic recesses left anterior infrahepatic space left posterior infrahepatic space
- 30. Infracolic compartments －lies belowthe transverse colon and transverse mesocolon Right paracolic sulcus (gutter) －lies lateral to the ascending colon. It communicates with the hepatorenal recess and the pelvic cavity. It provides a route for the spread of infection between the pelvic and the upper abdominal region. Left paracolic sulcus (gutter) －lies lateral to the descending colon. It is separated from the area around the spleen by the phrenicocolic ligament, a fold of peritoneum that passes from the colic flexure to the diaphragm.
- 31. Right mesentericsinus －triangular space, lies between root of mesentery, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon Left mesenteric sinus －lies between root of mesentery, descending colon, right 1/3 of transverse colon and transverse mesocolon, its widens below where it is continuous with the cavity of the pelvis