Personalization Principle by Group A

Personalization Principle by Group A

• 1.
  The Personalization Principleof e-Learning As presented by Study Group A Information in this presentation is taken from the text by Clark & Mayer: “ e-Learning and the Science of Instruction”, 2008
• 2.
  Content Definition PersonalizationPrinciples 1, 2, and 3 Conversational Style Conversational Style: Characteristics On Screen Coaches On Screen Coaches: Characteristics Visible Authors Visible Authors: Characteristics Conclusion Questions
• 3.
  Personalization Principle Defined People learn more deeply from multimedia lessons when learners experience heightened social presence, as when a conversational script or learning agents are used.
• 4.
  A More “Personal”Personalization Principle Definition We learn more deeply from multimedia lessons when we experience heightened social awareness by interacting with a conversational script or learning agent. Did you see a difference? Lets find out why.
• 5.
  Personalization Principles UseConversational Style Rather than Formal Style Use Effective On-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning Make the Author Visible to Promote Learning
• 6.
  Conversational Style Awriting style that uses first and second person constructions, active voice, and speech-like phrases. Speaking with a friendly human voice Using polite wording
• 7.
  Personalization Principle 1We should use conversational instead of formal writing so learners interact with the computer as a social partner We want to avoid impersonal third person language it turns learners off
• 8.
  Why Use ConversationalStyle? Research shows we work harder to comprehend when we interact socially Social cues engage our minds in deeper cognitive processing and deeper learning + =
• 9.
  How to UseConversational Style Instead of a distant third person like in this slide we should use first and second person statements We can replace “teacher”, “students”, or “learners” with “I”, “my”, “we”, “our”, “you”, or “your” Our goal is a more user-friendly tone
• 10.
  How to UseConversational Style We should use first and second person – replace third person with “I”, “we”, “me”, “my”, “you”, and/or “your” Impersonal text: “ YouTube is a social networking where people can view and share videos.” Text after personalization principle applied: “ YouTube is a social networking where you and I can view and share videos.”
• 11.
  Voice Quality Peoplelearn better from agents in eLearning situations when the narrator uses a human voice rather than a machine voice. Human = Good Machine = Bad
• 12.
  Polite Speech vs.Direct Statements On-screen agents are more effective when using polite speech and indirect statements that allow the learner freedom of action. Polite, Indirect Let’s press the escape key. This might be a good time for you to find a common denominator. If you are done, you might want to click the ‘next’ button. Direct Statements Press the escape key. Find a common denominator. Click the next button now. Effective Ineffective
• 13.
  On-Screen Coaches Arecharacters on the computer screen that teach learning material They demonstrate techniques and direct learning Learners generate more correct responses with on-screen coaches
• 14.
  Examples of On-ScreenCoaches Examples of websites that provide on-screen coaches: Voki Characters Code Baby Virtual Agents Vcom3D Characters
• 15.
  On-Screen Coaches: CharacteristicsMust sound conversational Can look real or cartoon-like Better to present words as speech rather than text Use On-Screen coaches to provide: Hints Worked examples Demonstrations Explanations
• 16.
  Visible Authors Visibleauthors are visible on the screen.
• 17.
  Characteristics of VisibleAuthors Promotes and increases learner motivation Speaks directly to the reader in a personal style
• 18.
  Review Questions Whichof the following better enriches learning provided from multimedia? A well scripted formal teaching style A informal conversational teaching style When writing conversational style of learning, it is more effective to incorporate which of the following? Direct facts or statements Use more polite wording
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  Review Questions ContinuedWhen incorporating voice into multimedia lessons, the learner responds better which of the following A human voice A machine voice When utilizing an on-screen coach to teach, which of the following is more likely to occur The learner is more likely to generate more correct responses The tool would become a distraction which would interfere with learning When applying a visible author to learning, which of the following should apply? You should continue to the informal approach of teaching since the avatar is present. You should speak directly to the readers in a personal style.
• 20.
  Conclusion Material usinga conversational writing style and the addition of on-screen characters can be more effective for some types of learners.
• 21.
  Personalization Resources Personalizationof Web Services- Opportunities and Challenges: How to use Personalization in Marketing: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/personalization/ How to Write in a Conversational Style: http://ezinearticles.com/?How-To-Write-a-Conversational-Style-Article&id =1082917 Conversational Writing is better than Formal Writing: http://www.willatworklearning.com/2005/12/conversational_.html How Pedagogical Agents Improve Instruction: http:// coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/pedagents/index.htm What is an Interactive Animated Pedagogical Agent?: http:// ldt.stanford.edu/~slater/pages/agents/main.htm Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload: http://web.media.mit.edu/~pattie/CACM-94/CACM-94.p1.html
• 22.
  Presentation References InformationReferences : Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., Sandora, C., Kucan, L., & Worthy, J. (1996). Questioning the Author. The Elementary School Journal , 95, 395–414. Clark, R.C. & Mayer, R.E. (2008). Applying the personalization principle . (2nd Ed.), e-Learning and the science of instruction, (pp. 157-180). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Photo References: http://library.galciv2.com/mvlib/ss/Fullview_CylonPortrait.PNG http:// www.research.att.com/~ttsweb/tts/demo.php http://www.camct.com/shopping/standard/images/564_1_pic_conversation.jpg Online agent group: http://www.vcom3d.com/images/custom_characters_large.png Online tire agent: http:// www.codebaby.com/solutions/elearning.html