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Pests
The red pumpkin beetle is a destructive pest of cucurbitaceous vegetables like pumpkin, melon, and cucumber. It has a deep orange dorsal side and black ventral side, measuring 5-8mm long. Both the adult beetle and grub damage plants by feeding voraciously on leaves, flowers, and fruits. The beetle completes its life cycle in 25-37 days, with the female laying up to 300 eggs. Control methods include trap crops, collecting and destroying beetles, and spraying soil with insecticides to prevent grub and pupa hatching. The cabbage butterfly is a pest of cabbage and other cruciferous plants like radish and turnip. The white adult butterfly lays clusters of
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Introduction to the topic of vegetable pests.
Focus on the Red Pumpkin Beetle, presented by Noreen Zada.
Biological classification: Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera, Genus Raphidopalpa.
The beetle is widely spread globally, especially in Asia, Australia, and Southern Europe.
Description: Deep orange body, black ventral side, oblong shape, 5-8mm length.
Destructive to cucurbitaceous vegetables, particularly pumpkin; causes severe plant damage.
Lifecycle phases: hibernation, egg laying (up to 300), larval stage, pupation, and adult emergence.
Methods to control the beetle: trap crops, mechanical destruction, insecticides like Lindane.
Introduction to the Cabbage Butterfly, presented by Hira Nusrat.
Biological classification: Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera, Genus Pieris.
The butterfly is cosmopolitan, migrating during winter and returning in spring.
Known to damage cabbage, radish, turnip, and other crucifers.
Caterpillars damage plants by lacerating leaves, feeding voraciously and potentially devouring plants.
Adult butterfly's identification: Snow white color; size and wing pattern differences between genders.
Lifecycle: egg laying (up to 170), larval growth (5 molts), pupation stages, and adult emergence.
Control strategies include physical removal of pests, biological control, and timely insecticide application.
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Pests
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- 3. SYSTEMATIC POSITION: •Phylum Arthropoda ClassInsecta Order Coleoptera Family Chrysomelidae Genus Raphidopalpa Species foveicollis
- 4. DISTRIBUTION: •Widely distributed indifferent parts of the world, specially in Asia, Australia and South Europe.
- 5. MARKS OF IDENTIFICATION: •Dorsalpart of the body of adult is deep orange, while the ventral side is black. •Body appears to be oblong, measuring 5-8mm in length and 3.5-3.75mm in width.
- 6. FOOD PLANTS &NATURE OF DAMAGE: •Most destructive pest of all cucurbitaceous vegetables. •Infests pumpkin, tinda, melon, tori, cucumber etc. •Have special liking for pumpkin. •Damage is caused mainly by adult insect that feeds voraciously on leaves, flower and fruits.
- 7. •It make holesin the plant tissues, causing death or retardation of growth. •The grubs of this pest remain in the soil and feeds on roots and stem of the plant.
- 8. LIFE CYCLE: •The adultshibernate in November inside soil or among dry weeds and appears again in March. • A complete life cycle takes about 25-37 days. • 5 generations are completed during March to October.
- 9. 1. EGG LAYING: •Femalelays eggs singly or in batches of 8- in the moist soil at the base of the host plant. •As many as 300 eggs are laid by a single females. •Eggs are elongated and brown in color.
- 10. 2. LARVATION: •Egg hatchesinto larva in 6-15 days (5-8 days in opt cond. ) •The whitish grub with brown head bores and upon plant roots, fallen leaves and fruits laying on the surface of the soil. •Grub molts 4 times during13-25 days of their larval period. Molting occur inside the soil.
- 11. 2. PUPATION: •A fullymolt grub moves deep into the soil (1.3-25.4 cm s deep) and pupate within a waterproof, thick walled oval cocoon. •Pupation period lasts for 7-17 days, after which it metamorphoses into adult beetle.
- 12. 3. ADULT FORMATION: •Theadult comes out of the soil to feed upon the host plants and to breed. •After about 7 days of emergence adult beetle start laying eggs.
- 14. PREVENTION AND CONTROL: 1.Trap crops. 2. Mechanical collection and destruction of pest. 3. Repellants. 4. Spraying the soil around the roots with strong insecticides so that the grubs and pupa don’t hatch. 5. Lindane (0.1%) , methyl parathione (0.02%) or malathione (0.05%) , carbaryl or pyretherum
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- 17. SYSTEMATIC POSITION: •Phylum Arthropoda ClassInsecta Order Lepidoptera Family Pieridae Genus Pieris Species brassicae
- 18. DISTRIBUTION: •Cosmopolitan in distribution •Duringwinter, the adult worms migrates to the plains and passes two generations there. •Return back to the hill when winter is over.
- 19. FOOD PLANTS: •Pest ofcabbage, occasionally causing serious damage to the crops. •Also feeds upon radish, turnip, cauliflower, tori and other crucifers.
- 20. NATURE OF DAMAGE: •Damageis caused by caterpillars. •Newly hatched caterpillars lacerate the leave surface of the host plant and skeletomise them. •The grownup caterpillars voraciously feed on the leaves of the host plant and sometimes eating away the whole plant.
- 21. MARKS OF IDENTIFICATION: • Adultbutterflies are snow white, males are smaller than females. • Adult female measures about 6.5cm across the spread of the wings. • The adult males and females also differ by the difference between their wing patterns.
- 22. LIFE CYCLE: 1. EGGLAYING: • Eggs are conical in shape and pale yellow in color. • They are laid in Batches of 50-80. • Total no. of eggs laid by a female is 160- 170. • The incubation period varies in different seasons. • The shortest incubation period is recorded in May (3-4 day) and longest in January (17-18 days).
- 23. 2. LARVATION: • Thecaterpillars are small and green in color. • They are gregarious in nature in the beginning but later they disperse out. • They voraciously feeds upon leaves of the host plant and molts 5 times to attain a fully- grown size.
- 24. •The fully-grown caterpillar measures5cm in length and becomes greenish yellow in color. •The larval period lasts for 15-40 days. •The body of larva remains covered with short hairs.
- 25. 3. PUPATION: • Thematured caterpillar undergoes pupation. • Occurs on the stem of the near by trees or any other shelter place, rarely on the host plant. • The period ranges in different seasons from 7-29 days.
- 26. 4. ADULT FORMATION: •After7-29 days of pupation, adult emerges out. •Generally 4 generations are completed in an year.
- 28. PREVENTION & CONTROL: •Collection and destruction of caterpillars from the field. • Biological control, including introduction of Apanteles glomerates which parasitizes the larva of cabbage butterfly. • Spraying the crops with malathion (0.05%) or diazinon (0.02%) three weeks before harvesting can reduce infestation of this fest.
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