Pharyngitis & labyrinthitis
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This document discusses pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx). It notes that pharyngitis is commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. It can cause symptoms like sore throat, fever, and headache. Examination may reveal redness and swelling in the throat. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and potential testing. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and rest. The document also briefly discusses labyrinthitis (inner ear inflammation), noting it can be caused by infections or other issues and may cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea.
Pharyngitis & labyrinthitis
- 1. SUDESHNA BANERJEE DUTTA LECTURER S.R.S.V.M B.SC NURSING COLLEGE
- 2. Inflammation of the pharynx
- 3. Environmental exposure to viral agents - adenovirus, influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus & measles Bacterial infection – 10% of adults with pharyngitis have group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection Other bacterias - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae type B Poorly ventilated rooms
- 4. Malaise Dysphagia Dry cough, sneezing, runny nose Fever & headache Loss of appetite Redness and swelling in the tonsillar pillars, uvula, and soft palate. A creamy exudate may be present in the tonsillar pillars Lymph node enlargement
- 5. History collection Physical examination Blood investigation Throat swab culture
- 6. Antibiotics – Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily , 5-7 days Once-daily Azithromycin may be given for only 3 days A 5-days or 10-days course of Cephalosporin may be prescribed. 5-days administration of Cefuroxime has also been successful in producing bacteriologic cures. Anti inflammatory -Ibuprofen Pottasium permanganate gargles
- 7. Soft, bland and warm diet Warm liquids, and flavored frozen desserts such as Popsicles are often soothing. Occasionally, the throat is so sore that liquids cannot be taken in adequate amounts by mouth. In severe situations, intravenous (IV) fluids may be needed. Otherwise, the patient is encouraged to drink as much fluid as possible (at least 2 to 3 L per day).
- 9. Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear
- 10. Viral or bacterial infections Cholesteatoma (an abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of ear, behind the eardrum. It may be a birth defect, but it's most commonly caused by repeated middle ear infections) Drug toxicity Head injury Tumor
- 12. Vestibular manifestations (vertigo) Cochlear manifestations (hearing loss) Nausea and vomiting
- 13. Two types of labyrinthitis associated with bacterial infections: Toxic Labyrinthitis Suppurative Labyrinthitis
- 14. Results from an inflammation of the inner ear following an acute or chronic otitis media or early bacteria meningitis. Toxins penetrate the cochlear aqueduct and cause an inflammatory reaction in the perilymph space. Toxic Labyrinthitis produces mild high frequency hearing loss or mild vestibular dysfunction Treatment: Antibiotics for precipitating otitis, possible myringotomy.
- 16. Suppurative Labyrinthitis: direct invasion of the inner ear by bacteria. From otitis or meningitis
- 17. History: – severe vertigo from any movement of the head. – Nausea and vomiting – U/L or B/L hearing loss – Recent URTI – Loss of balance and falling in the direction of the affected ear
- 18. Physical findings: – Spontaneous nystagmus (a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements) – Jerking movements of eyes toward unaffected ear – Purulent discharge Lab: – Culture and sensitivity test Audiometry Electronystagmography (a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye)
- 19. Meclizine to relieve vertigo Antiemetics Antibiotics Oral fluids IV fluids for severe dehydration
- 20. Surgical excision of cholesteatoma Incision and drainage Labyrinthectomy
- 21. Meningitis Permanent balance disability Permanent hearing loss