PHOTOGRAPHY
FUNDAMENTALS
Presented by
Noah Hawthorne
ALEXANDRA
COPLEY
SPORTS MODE
CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTION/SPORTS
MODE
●Represented by an icon of a sprinter, this is perfect for taking
pictures of moving objects
●Also good for shooting children or pets in action
●Can give you higher shutter speeds to stop action, along with
a smaller aperture so that more of the action will be in focus
NIGHT PORTRAIT MODE
CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHT PORTRAIT
MODE
●Usually symbolized by a figure against a dark sky with a star
●Fires the flash to illuminate a nearby subject and then holds the
shutter open long enough for the background to be exposed
FLASH
LOOK IN THE TOOLS SET FOR FLASH
INFORMATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF FLASH MODE
● Auto- Flash Off
●Flash On (mandatory flash, useful for filling in shadows when
shooting in daylight)
●Auto + Red-eye reduction-
●Flash On + Red-eye reduction
●Soft Flash (Diffused flash)
●Slow-sync flash (Second-curtain flash)
USE THE FLASH TO STOP
MOTION
OR TO ILLUMINATE DARK AREAS
SLOW SYNC FLASH
*note if your camera does not have
the slow sync flash option use the
night portrait setting
DIFFERENT WAYS TO MAKE A GOOD
PHOTOGRAPH
●Control exposure
●Aperture
●Shutter speed
●ISO
EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
UNDERSTANDING EXPOSURE
●THE WINDOW EXAMPLE
●Imagine your camera is like a window with shutters that open and close.
●Aperture is the size of the window. If it’s bigger more light gets through and the
room is brighter.
●Shutter Speed is the amount of time that the shutters of the window are open. The
longer you leave them open the more that comes in.
●Now imagine that you’re inside the room and are wearing sunglasses. Your eyes
become desensitized to the light that comes in (it’s like a low ISO)
●.There are a number of ways of increasing the amount of light in the room (You
could increase the time that the shutters are open (decrease shutter speed), you
could increase the size of the window (increase aperture) or you could take off your
sunglasses (make the ISO larger)
APERTURE
●The aperture of a lens is the diameter of the lens opening
●The larger the diameter of the aperture, the more light reaches
the film / image sensor
●Aperture is expressed as F-stop, e.g. F2.8 or f/2.8
●The smaller the F-stop number (or f/value), the larger the lens
opening (aperture) (inverse relationship)
●Controls depth of field
APERTURE
F-STOPS
Please refrain
from taking
such a boring
image
IS THIS SHALLOW D.O.F?
IS THIS?
SHALLOW OR DEEP D.O.F.?
Depth of Field EXERCISE
●Pick a partner
●Stand away from your partner
●Take a photograph of their face only with your lens unzoomed
● Zoom in and shoot but only fill the frame with their entire face
again
●See the difference in depth of field
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED
●Shutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is open
●Shutter speed is measured in seconds – or in most cases
fractions of seconds
●It is not in isolation from the other two elements of the Exposure
Triangle (aperture and ISO)
●Long shutter causes blur and fast shutter freezes motion
Shutter speed is used to stop action
1/1000 sec
Or shutter speed can blur motion
1/15 sec
FAST OR SLOW SHUTTER
SPEED?
FAST OR SLOW?
SHUTTER SPEED EXERCISE
●Everyone pick a partner
●Step outside the classroom
●Capture an image of action (jumping, spinning, etc.)
●Stop the action with a fast shutter speed
●Blur the action with a slow shutter speed
ISO SETTINGS
●ISO speed ミ A rating of a film's sensitivity to light.
Though digital cameras don't use film, they have adopted
the same rating system for describing the sensitivity of the
camera's imaging sensor. Digital cameras often include a
control for adjusting the ISO speed; some will adjust it
automatically depending on the lighting conditions,
adjusting it upwards as the available light dims.
Generally, as ISO speed climbs, image quality drops.
ISO SETTINGS
Characteristics of ISO
● Low light conditions use higher ISO
●Action shots use a higher ISO
●Keep ISO lower in bright light
●The higher the ISO number the more noise is generated in your
photograph
●When you enlarge your image you can see the noise
Using ISO 1600 to capture a night scene

Photography history History of photography , when is camera invented and who are the main person for camera invention

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTION/SPORTS MODE ●Representedby an icon of a sprinter, this is perfect for taking pictures of moving objects ●Also good for shooting children or pets in action ●Can give you higher shutter speeds to stop action, along with a smaller aperture so that more of the action will be in focus
  • 4.
  • 5.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHTPORTRAIT MODE ●Usually symbolized by a figure against a dark sky with a star ●Fires the flash to illuminate a nearby subject and then holds the shutter open long enough for the background to be exposed
  • 6.
  • 7.
    LOOK IN THETOOLS SET FOR FLASH INFORMATION
  • 8.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF FLASHMODE ● Auto- Flash Off ●Flash On (mandatory flash, useful for filling in shadows when shooting in daylight) ●Auto + Red-eye reduction- ●Flash On + Red-eye reduction ●Soft Flash (Diffused flash) ●Slow-sync flash (Second-curtain flash)
  • 9.
    USE THE FLASHTO STOP MOTION
  • 11.
    OR TO ILLUMINATEDARK AREAS
  • 13.
    SLOW SYNC FLASH *noteif your camera does not have the slow sync flash option use the night portrait setting
  • 14.
    DIFFERENT WAYS TOMAKE A GOOD PHOTOGRAPH ●Control exposure ●Aperture ●Shutter speed ●ISO
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  • 16.
    UNDERSTANDING EXPOSURE ●THE WINDOWEXAMPLE ●Imagine your camera is like a window with shutters that open and close. ●Aperture is the size of the window. If it’s bigger more light gets through and the room is brighter. ●Shutter Speed is the amount of time that the shutters of the window are open. The longer you leave them open the more that comes in. ●Now imagine that you’re inside the room and are wearing sunglasses. Your eyes become desensitized to the light that comes in (it’s like a low ISO) ●.There are a number of ways of increasing the amount of light in the room (You could increase the time that the shutters are open (decrease shutter speed), you could increase the size of the window (increase aperture) or you could take off your sunglasses (make the ISO larger)
  • 17.
    APERTURE ●The aperture ofa lens is the diameter of the lens opening ●The larger the diameter of the aperture, the more light reaches the film / image sensor ●Aperture is expressed as F-stop, e.g. F2.8 or f/2.8 ●The smaller the F-stop number (or f/value), the larger the lens opening (aperture) (inverse relationship) ●Controls depth of field
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  • 27.
    Depth of FieldEXERCISE ●Pick a partner ●Stand away from your partner ●Take a photograph of their face only with your lens unzoomed ● Zoom in and shoot but only fill the frame with their entire face again ●See the difference in depth of field
  • 28.
  • 29.
    SHUTTER SPEED ●Shutter speedis the amount of time that the shutter is open ●Shutter speed is measured in seconds – or in most cases fractions of seconds ●It is not in isolation from the other two elements of the Exposure Triangle (aperture and ISO) ●Long shutter causes blur and fast shutter freezes motion
  • 30.
    Shutter speed isused to stop action 1/1000 sec
  • 31.
    Or shutter speedcan blur motion 1/15 sec
  • 32.
    FAST OR SLOWSHUTTER SPEED?
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  • 34.
    SHUTTER SPEED EXERCISE ●Everyonepick a partner ●Step outside the classroom ●Capture an image of action (jumping, spinning, etc.) ●Stop the action with a fast shutter speed ●Blur the action with a slow shutter speed
  • 35.
    ISO SETTINGS ●ISO speedミ A rating of a film's sensitivity to light. Though digital cameras don't use film, they have adopted the same rating system for describing the sensitivity of the camera's imaging sensor. Digital cameras often include a control for adjusting the ISO speed; some will adjust it automatically depending on the lighting conditions, adjusting it upwards as the available light dims. Generally, as ISO speed climbs, image quality drops.
  • 36.
  • 38.
    Characteristics of ISO ●Low light conditions use higher ISO ●Action shots use a higher ISO ●Keep ISO lower in bright light ●The higher the ISO number the more noise is generated in your photograph ●When you enlarge your image you can see the noise
  • 40.
    Using ISO 1600to capture a night scene