Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry -B Pharmacy First Year -First semester -PIC PPT 7-dental products.pptx

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry -B Pharmacy First Year -First semester -PIC PPT 7-dental products.pptx

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  Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Lecture7 Unit II Dental products  By Manjusha SK  Associate professor
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  INTRODUCTION  The teethare accessory digestive organs.  People use their teeth to bite and chew food, the first step in the digestion of food.  While we chew food, the tongue pushes the food to the teeth and saliva helps digestion and wets the food.  A number of inorganic compounds are used in maintaining the oral and dental hygiene.  Most of them are over the counter (OTC) products.  Dental products include anticaries agents (dentifrices and fluoride salts), polishing agents, and desensitizing agents.  Dental hygiene has been considered as important since long.  In order to maintain dental hygiene, numerous dental products are available in the market.  Numerous chemicals find use in their preparation as well as in dentistry.
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  Sodium fluoride Properties:  Physicalproperties: It is….  white powder or as colourless crystal.  odourless  Soluble in water  practically insoluble in alcohol.  Chemical properties: It…….  1. Sodium floride in aqueous solution hydrolyzes to give an alkaline reaction.  NaF + H2O --------- HF + NaOH Uses: It is…  used as dental caries.  Used to increase bone density & relive the pain with metabolic bone diseases  Used as a component of few insecticides & rhodenticides.  Used in preparation of tooth paste which constitutes about 75% of sod.fluoride.
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  DENTAL CARIES OR TOOTHDECAY:  Dental caries or tooth decay is more or less a disease of the teeth caused by acids produced by the action of microorganisms on carbohydrates.  This disease is characterized by decalcification of tooth accompanied by foul mouth odor.  The exact cause and mechanism of dental caries is not known with certainty. However, it is accepted that dental caries first of all starts on the surface of the teeth.  To prevent dental caries and to maintain clean and healthy teeth it becomes necessary to use dentifrices.  Primary function of dentifrices is to clean the accessible surface of the teeth.  Use of ammoniated tooth paste, urea ammonia containing powders, antibiotic containing mixtures have been in use.
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  ROLE OF FLUORIDEIN THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL CARIES:  Role of fluoride in preventing dental caries has been well accepted.  Administrations of traces of fluoride having salts or their use in topical use to the teeth have been reported to give encouraging results.  It is generally adequately obtained from food and water.  In some parts of the world, ground water is totally lacking fluoride. In such places occurrence of dental caries has been becoming in alarming proportions.  Addition of fluoride to the municipal water supply, known as fluoridation (Note: not fluorination) is able to help in reducing and preventing dental caries.  When a fluoride having salt or solution is taken internally, it is readily absorbed,transported and deposited in the bone or developing teeth and remainder gets excreted by the kidneys.  It is possible to administer fluoride by two routes (i) orally and (ii) topically.
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   Cleaning Agent/Dentrifrices: It is apreparations used to clean the teeth and other parts of oral cavity (gums) using a finger or a toothbrush.  Dentifrices are responsible for removing plaque and debries.  E.g. CaCO3 (Precipitated Chalk) Calcium carbonate,Dibasic Phosphate  Ca3 (PO4 )2 – Tribasic Calcium Phosphate  Sodium metaphosphate,Stronium chloride (SrCl2 .6H2 O)  Pumice-It is a complex silicate of Al, P and Na
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  Calcium carbonate Properties:  Physicalproperties: It is….  whitish or milky microcrystalline powder.  odorless  bitter in taste.  It is stable in air  practically insoluble in water and ethanol.  Chemical properties: It…….  neutralizes acid with effervescence.  CaCO3 + 2HCl --------- CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O  Uses: It is…  used for water treatment.  used for the growth and maturation of the body like muscles, bones, teeth, and organs due to presence of calcium.  Used as antacid  Used as dentifrices  Used in tooth powder as polishing agent.  Used in treatment of diarrhea.
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   Desensiting Agent: Agent helps to reduce sensitivity of teeth to heat and cold.  E.g. Strontium chloride and Zinc chloride  Zinc eugenol cement  Zinc eugenol is the material prepared using mixture of zinc oxide, eugenol and rosin.  When acid base reaction occurs between zinc oxide & eugenol to form zinc eugenol chelates and this reaction is get catalyzed by water Uses: It is…  used in dentistry as a filling or cement material.  used as dental caries as a temporary filling .  used during construction of complete dentures as an impression material  Used as anaesthetic and antimicrobial.  Used to remove the pain in the conditions of dental pulp.  used as antiseptic & local anesthetics due to eugenol.
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