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Planetary gear set
Planetary gear sets are used in automatic transmissions to provide different gear ratios without interrupting torque flow during shifts. They consist of a sun gear, planet gears on a carrier, and a ring gear. Multiple planetary gear sets can be combined in compound sets like the Simpson and Ravigneaux to increase the number of available gear ratios. These compound sets use different combinations of holding the sun gear, carrier, or ring gear to achieve forward, reverse, and overdrive gear ratios.
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Planetary gear set
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- 2. 2.0 Planetary GearSet • In a manual transmission, different gear ratios are obtained by sliding the gears into mesh. • Torque flow must be momentarily interrupted before the gears are shifted (use clutch). • With an automatic transmission there is no driver- operated clutch, so gear shifts are not made by sliding gears into mesh. • Automatic transmissions use a planetary gear set system that does not require an interruption of torque flow to change gear ratios.
- 3. 2.0 Planetary GearSet • Nearly all automatic transmissions rely on planetary gear sets to transfer power and multiply engine torque to the drive axle. • A simple planetary gear set consists of three parts: a) sun gear, b) Planet carrier c) ring gear (a.k.a annulus) • All gears in a planetary gear set are in constant mesh. The torque flow through a planetary gear set, both input and output, occurs along a single axis.
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- 8. 2.0 Planetary GearSet How planetary gear works? • Depending on which member is the driver, which is held, and which is driven, either a torque increase (underdrive) or a speed increase (overdrive) is produced by the planetary gear set. • Any one of the three members can be used as the driving or input member. • At the same time, another member might be kept from rotating and thus becomes the reaction, held, or stationary member.
- 9. 2.0 Planetary GearSet How planetary gear works? • The third member then becomes the driven or output member. • Output direction can also be reversed through various combinations.
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- 17. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets • A limited number of gear ratios are available from a single planetary gear set. • Gear sets can be combined to increase the number of available gear ratios. • A typical automatic transmission has at least two planetary gear sets connected together to provide the various gear ratios needed to efficiently move a vehicle.
- 18. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets • There are three designs of compound gear sets: 1. Simpson gear set, in which two planet carriers, two ring gear and share a common sun gear. Providing three forward gears, as well as neutral and reverse. 2. Ravingeaux gear set (pronounced RAVENO), which has two sun gears, two of planet carriers, and a common ring gear. Provides four forward gears, as well as neutral and reverse.
- 19. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets 3. Lepelletier System: The Lepelletier system connects a simple planetary gear set to a Ravigneaux gear set. Provide six to eight forward gear. TYPE SUN GEAR PLANET CARRIER RING GEAR SIMPSON SHARE 2 2 RAVINGEAUX 2 2 SHARE LEPELLETIER Planetary gear set + Ravingeaux gear set
- 20. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets SIMPSON GEAR SET • A Simpson geartrain is the most commonly used compound planetary gear set. • One half of the compound set or one planetary unit is referred to as the front planetary and the other planetary unit is the rear planetary. • The two planetary units do not need to be the same size or have the same number of teeth on their gears. The size and number of gear teeth determine the actual gear ratios obtained
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- 23. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets SIMPSON 1ST GEAR • Input shaft (engine torque) is locked to the FRONT ring gear. • Front ring gear drives the front planet gears. • Front planet gears drive the sun gear . • Rear planet carrier is held. • Sun gear spins the rear planet gears. • Planet gears drive the REAR ring gear which is locked to the output shaft.
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- 25. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets SIMPSON 2ND GEAR • Input shaft (engine torque) is locked to the FRONT ring gear. • Front ring gear drives the front planet gears. • Sun gear is held. • Front planet gears walk around the sun gear. • Front planet carrier is forced to turn by this ‘walk’. • This turns the output shaft since the planet carrier is locked to the output shaft.
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- 27. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets SIMPSON 3RD GEAR (Direct Drive) • Input is received by the front ring gear, as in the other forward positions. • However, the input is also received by the sun gear. • Since the sun and ring gear are rotating at the same speed and in the same direction, the front planet carrier is locked between the two and is forced to move with them. • Since the front carrier is locked to the output shaft, direct drive results.
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- 29. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets SIMPSON REVERSE GEAR • The input is received by the sun gear, as in the third gear position, and rotates in a clockwise direction. • sun gear then drives the rear planet gears in counterclockwise direction. • The rear planet carrier is held; the planet gears drive the rear ring gear in a counterclockwise direction. • Ring gear is locked to the output shaft that turns at the same speed and direction as the rear ring gear. The result is a reverse gear.
- 30. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets
- 31. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX GEARTRAIN • The Ravigneaux offers some advantages over a Simpson geartrain. • It is very compact. It can carry large amounts of torque because of the great amount of tooth contact. • It can also have three different output members. • However, it has a disadvantage because it is more complex.
- 32. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX GEARTRAIN • The Ravigneaux gear- train is designed to use two sun gears: one small (forward) and one large (reverse). • They also have two sets of planetary pinion gears: three long pinions and three short pinions. • The planetary pinion gears rotate on their own shafts that are fastened to a common planetary carrier. • A single ring gear surrounds the complete assembly.
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- 35. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX GEARTRAIN • The small sun gear is meshed with the short planetary pinion gears. • These short pinions act as idler gears to drive the long planetary pinion gears. • The long planetary pinion gears mesh with the large sun gear and the ring gear.
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- 37. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX 1ST GEAR • Engine torque drives the small sun gear. • Planet carrier is held. • Sun gear drives short planet gears. • Short planet gears drive the long planet gears. • Long planet gears drive ring gear and output shaft in a lower speed than the input.
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- 39. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX 2ND GEAR • Engine drive the small sun gear. • Small sun gear rotate the short planet gears. • Short planet gears drive the long planet gears. • Long planet gears walk around large sun gear. • Large sun gear is held. • This ‘walking’ drives the ring gear and output shaft in at a torque reduction.
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- 41. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX 3RD GEAR (Direct Drive) • Engine torque drives the small sun gear. • Input is also received by the planetary gear carrier. • Because two members of the geartrain are being driven at the same time, the planetary gear carrier and the small sun gear rotate as a unit. • The long planet gears transfer the torque in through the gear set to the ring gear and output shaft. • This results in direct drive.
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- 43. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX 4TH GEAR • Input is received at the planetary carrier. • The long planet gears walk around the big sun gear. • Big sun gear is held stationary. • This ‘walk’ drive the ring gear and output shaft. • This results in an overdrive condition.
- 44. 2.1 Compound PlanetaryGear Sets RAVIGNEAUX REVERSE GEAR • Input is received at the small sun gear. • The planetary gear carrier is held. • The clockwise rotation of the reverse sun gear drives the long planet gears in a counterclockwise direction. • The long planets then drive the ring gear and output shaft in a counterclockwise direction with a speed reduction.