Planning

Planning

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  PLANNING By Deepika.k
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  DEFINITION  Koontz and O’Donnell “ Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. When a manager plans, he projects a course of action and basing of decisions on purpose, knowledge and considered estimates”.
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  OTHER DEFINITIONS  LouisA. Allen “ Defines a plan “ is a trap laid to capture the future”  W.H. Newman “ Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done”
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  Planning Planning Choosing a goaland developing a method of strategy to achieve that goal 4
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  What Is Planning?  Planning ◦ A primary functional managerial activity that involves:  Defining the organization’s goals  Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals  Developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work. ◦ Types of planning  Informal: not written down, short-term focus; specific to an organizational unit.  Formal: written, specific, and long-term focus, involves shared goals for the organization. 5
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  Kinds of OperationalPlans Plans that cover unique, Single-Use Plans one-time-only events Plans used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events. Standing Plans Three kinds are: policies, procedures, and rules and regulations. Quantitative planning to decide how Budgets to allocate money to accomplish company goals 6
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  Limitations of planning Inaccurate  Internal inflexibilities Policy and procedural inflexibilities  External inflexibilities * Political climate * Trade unions * Technological changes  Time Consuming and Costly  Personal factors
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  Steps in planning Analysis of environment  Definition of enterprise mission  Determination of objectives  Forecasting the planning premises  Evaluation of alternatives  Implementation and review
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  Advantages  Minimize the burden of decision making  Lead simplification of work flow and eliminating unnecessary steps  Ensure uniformity and consistency of action  They are developed after careful analysis of various operations which are necessary for bringing co-ordination in the organization.  They are aid to communication  Serves as a medium of control.
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  Limitations  They bringout rigidity in the performance of operations  Lays down the fixed way of doing a particular job and thus a more effective way of doing may not given proper attention  They are to be reviewed and updated constantly because they become obsolete with the change in the nature of business operations.