More Related Content
Similar to Plantation methods
Plantation methods
- 2. Plantation Methods Editor :HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami (ACBSP) E-mail : [email protected] Date Produced : 2017 Serial No : 13 of 54
- 4. Plantation Methods Sowingmethods Cropping systems: Mono-cropping or monoculture Intercropping Crop Rotation
- 5. Sowing Methods 1. Broadcasting 2. Drilling or Line sowing 3. Dibbling 4. Transplanting 5. Planting 6. Putting seeds behind the plough
- 6. Broadcasting It isthe scattering of seeds by hand all over the prepared field followed by covering with wooden plank or harrow for contact of seed with soil Wheat, Paddy, Sesame, Methi, Coriander etc. are sown by this method
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. Drilling or Linesowing It is the dropping of seeds into the soil with the help of implement such as mogha, seed drill, seed-cum- ferti driller or mechanical seed drill and then the seeds are covered by wooden plank or harrow to have contact between seed & soil Jowar, wheat, Bajra, etc. are sown by this method
- 10. Drilling or Linesowing
- 11.
- 12. Dibbling It isthe placing or dibbling of seeds at cross marks (+) made in the field with the help of maker as per the requirement of the crop in both the directions. It is done manually by dibbler Crops like Groundnut, Castor and Hybrid Cotton etc. which are having bold size and high value
- 13.
- 14. Transplanting It isthe raising of seedlings on nursery beds and transplanting of seedlings in the laid out field Crops like paddy, fruit, vegetable, crops etc. Seedlings are allowed to grow on nursery beds for about 3-5 weeks. Beds are watered one day before the transplanting of nursery to prevent jerk to the roots. The field is irrigated before actual transplanting to get the seedlings established early & quickly which reduce the mortality
- 16. Planting It isthe placing of vegetative part of crops which are vegetatively propagated in the laid out field Tubers of Potato, mother sets of ginger & turmeric, cuttings of sweet potato & grapes, sets of sugarcane etc.
- 18. Putting seeds behindthe plough It is dropping of seeds behind the plough in the furrow with the help of manual labour by hand. The seeds are covered by successive furrow opened by the plough This method is followed for crops like pea, maize or Gram in some areas for better utilization of soil moisture
- 19. Plantation Methods Croppingsystems: Mono-cropping or monoculture Intercropping Crop Rotation
- 20.
- 21.
- 22. Inter-Cropping Growing oftwo or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land (field). There is a crop intensification in both time and space dimensions. There is intercrop competition during all or part of crop growth
- 23. Advantages of Inter Cropping Better use of growth resources including light, nutrients and water Suppression of weeds Reduced plant and disease incidence Yield stability Ecological stability i.e. improvement of soil health and agro-ecosystem Other e.g. Physical support of one crop to another and home gardening leading to a more unified food supply is a good example of realization of intercropping advantages
- 24. Inter-Cropping Mixed Cropping Relay Cropping Ratooning Companion Planting Alley Cropping
- 25. Mixed Cropping or CropMixtures Process of growing two or more crops together in the same piece of land simultaneously. The cereals are usually mixed with legumes viz. Jowar or Bajara mixed with Tur, Urad, Green gram, Black gram, Gran. Wheat is mixed with peas, gram or mustard Cotton is grown mixed with Tur or sunflower 3 Sisters concept – corn, beans and squash
- 26. Pearl millet, Maize, Sunflower, Ragi, 2 Sorghumtypes Groundnut 2 Green leaf Vegetables a.Hibiscus(Gongura cannabinus) b.Amaranthus (Totakura)
- 27.
- 28.
- 29. Relay Cropping Itrefers to planting of succeeding crop before harvesting the preceding crop like a relay race where a crop hands over the land to next crop in quick succession.
- 30.
- 31. Advantages: Getting onetime more production, suitable for mono cropped zones No ploughing required. Save a lot of money Less amount of water is needed, environment friendly farming technique Increase soil fertility through nitrosomonas bacteria Disadvantages: Requires 20% more seeds than usual As the plants grow zigzag, sometimes need more labour Relay Cropping
- 32. Ratoon cropping or Ratooning When a crop is harvested and allowed to regrow from the crowns or root systems, the term ratoon cropping is used Sugarcane, alfalfa, and Sudan grass are commonly produced in this way, while the potential exists for such tropical cereals as sorghum and rice
- 33.
- 34. is thecultivation of food, forage or specialty crops between rows of trees. It is a larger version of intercropping or companion planting conducted over a longer time scale. Alley cropping can provide profitable opportunities for row crop farmers, hardwood timber growers and nut growers Alley cropping
- 35. Companion Planting Companion plantingis the placement of various crops in close physical proximity to one another so as to symbiotically compliment the progress of each other. Discourage harmful pests without losing the beneficial allies Help enhance the growth rate and flavour of other varieties some plants can affect the flavour of vegetables or their growth rate Reduce the number of weeds Saves space
- 36.
- 37.
- 43. Crop Rotation Itrefers to recurrent succession of crops on the same piece of land either in a year or over a longer period of time, with an objective to get maximum profit from least investment without impairing the soil fertility In the rotation of crops, leguminous crops like pulses, beans, peas, groundnut and Bengal gram are sown in- between the seasons of cereal crops like wheat, maize and pearl millet
- 45. Advantages of CropRotation 1. There is an overall increase in the yield of crops due to maintenance of proper physical condition of the soil and its OM content. 2. Rotation of crops helps in saving on nitrogenous fertilizers, because leguminous plants grown during the rotation of crops can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil with the help of nitrogen fixing bacteria. 3. Rotation of crops help in weed control and pest control. This is because weeds and pests are very choosy about the host crop plant, which they attack. When the crop is changed the cycle is broken. Hence, pesticide cost is reduced. 4. There is regular flow of income over the year. 5. Proper choice of crops in rotation helps to prevent soil erosion. 6. It supplies various needs of farmer & his cattle. 7. Crop rotation adds diversity to an operation. ‘The supervisory work also becomes easier’
- 46. Selection of cropsfor rotation Vegetables and flowers are grown in areas close to the cities for higher income.
- 47.
- 48.
- 52. Land preparationand Plantation requires huge labour very time consuming process Sensitive to Climatic changes Therefore there is a need for alternative plantation method Permanent Raised Bed is the solution. Why?
- 53. Improved soilfertility and quality soil physical, chemical, and biological properties Improved water management better infiltration, storage, and less evaporation Reduced salinity problems Reduced wind/water erosion Reduced labour/fuel costs Higher Yields Extended seasons No soil compaction Benefits
- 54. Design 3 inches 3 inches 2inches 6 inches DRY BIOMASS SOIL GREEN BIOMASS SOIL Ground Slurry 4 feet Wide
- 55.
- 57. Adding Dry Biomass followedby a layer of slurry and then the soil layer
- 58. and a layerof slurry over it Adding Green Biomass
- 59. Adding Slurry onGreen Biomass Followed by layer of soil
- 60. Final layer ofSoil
- 61.
- 62.
- 63. Permanent Raised Bed Undercultivation
- 64. Permanent Raised Bed Undercultivation
- 65.
- 66. Hare Krishna HareKrishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare
- 67. ISKCON Daiva Varnasrama MinistryPromoting Rural Development in India www.iskconvarnasrama.com OM Sri Surabhi Campaign www.srisurabhi.org
- 69. ABOUT THE EDITOR Name HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami Age and Gender 71, Male Country/Province of Origin Canada, Ontario Educational Degree and Year B.A, 1968, M.Ed., 2004 Educational Institution State University of Yogyakarta Professional Work/Experience Social Worker/Counselor Affiliation with ISKCON Since 1974 Present Service in ISKCON Minister, IDVM-India