Plastic Biodegradation

Plastic Biodegradation

• 2.
  BIODEGRADATION • Biodegradation isthe naturally-occurring breakdown of materials by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi or other biological activity. Composting is a human-driven process in which biodegradation occurs under a specific set of circumstances.(Plastic) • Example: • 1. Pseudomonas putida. • 2. Ideonella sakaiensis. • 3. Pestalotiopsis microspora
• 3.
  PLASTIC • Plastic createdby Hans von pechmann at the accident in 1898. • A large number of ethylene (C2H4) had on polythene. • It was creating bonds between nanotube & polymer chains by introducing to methylene cross linked units. • Its hydrocarbon which is CH2=CH2 Ethylene have carbon and hydrogen.
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  TYPES OF PLASTIC •1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET), • 2. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), • 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), • 4. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), • 5. Polypropylene (PP), • 6. Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS), • 7. Miscellaneous plastics (includes: polycarbonate, polylactide, acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene, styrene, fiberglass, and nylon)
• 5.
  PETase • The firstPETase was discovered in 2016 from Ideonella sakaiensis bacteria found from sludge samples collected close to a Japanese PET bottle recycling site. • Cutinase, an esterase enzyme of similar geometric shape • (Ethylene Terephthalate)n + H2O → (Ethylene Terephthalate)n-1 + MHET
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  PETase WITH MHETase •The first enzyme of the PET degradation pathway, PETase, cleaves this plastic into the intermediates major amounts MHET (Mono-(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalic acid) and minor amounts BHET (Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalic acid). • The second key enzyme, hydrolyses MHET to the PET educts terephthalate and ethylene glycol.
• 7.
  ENZYMES ACTIVITY • Nowa team at Kyoto University was research for the piles of water. Those researchers found by microbe a plastic munching microbe. It found after that they were taken by 250 samples that are takin g PLTs. • It's the isolation of the bacteria name is I. sakaiensis. In this bacterium easily grow. Some sample was taking for the PET. It is mixed with a bacteria culture. After few weeks PET has gone. Then will saw a resealed for it is working in the chemical reaction. This building bond is the ester bond. In the enzyme was built with PETs. • PETase enzyme breakdown of plastic. PET reaction with PETase enzyme has the water level also. In the PETase was active only in water. It is reaction produce as an MHET. It will react plastic then produce an MHET with water. It is will be hydrolysed to the monomers.
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  ENZYMATIC PET DEGRADATIONBY PETase AND MHETase
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  CONCLUSION • A largedistrict per day trash in plastic for 428 tones . A small district per day trash in plastic for 92-98 tones. • In this plastic can be used to the recycling processed to convert the PET to terephthalate (88%) and ethylene glycol (12%). • Reuse of terephthalate or terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.