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Plastics
- 3. Plastic are materialsformed by long chains of carbon and hydrogen called polymers, formed by units called monomers. The most important characteristic of plastic is the capacity of deformation.
- 4. Most of theplastics are made up from these three raw materials: • Non – Renewable • Natural ResourcePetroleum • Non – Renewable • Natural ResourceCoal • Non – Renewable • Natural ResourceCellulose
- 5. Plastics are madefrom fossil fuels. Fossil fuels contains hydrocarbons, which provide small building blocks called monomer. These hydrocarbons monomers are link together to form long carbon chains called polymers. The process of forming long molecules is called polymerization. The polymerization form viscous, sticky substances known as resins, which are used to make plastic products. These joined molecules form a plastic resin known as polythene.
- 7. Plastics arestrong , light weight, flexible and durable. Plastics can be easily moulded into a variety of shapes and sizes. Plastics have excellent mechanical strength (tensile properties, tear resistance, and impact resistance). Plastics are relatively cheaper than compared to metals like steel, tin etc. Plastics are reusable and recyclable. Plastics have long use age life.
- 8. Plastics aregood electricity and heat insulators. Plastics do not corrode or decay. Plastics are cheap and dispensable. Plastics are resistant to chemicals, water or grease.
- 9. Groups of Plastic Thermoplastics Thermoplasticscan be repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling. E.g. Polythene. Thermosetting Thermosetting plastics harden permanently after being heated once. e.g. Bakelite.
- 10. 80% ofthermoplastics, and 20% of thermo set plastic wastes are generated in India. The use of plastics in India is 3kg per person per year. The total consumption of plastic in India is about 4 million tonnes and the waste generated is about 2 million tonnes. About 20% of solid municipal wastes are plastics in India.
- 11. o Plastic isone of the few new chemical materials which pose environmental problem. o Plastic in the environment is regarded to be more an aesthetic nuisance than a hazard, since the material is biologically quite inert. o Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded easily, and, its persistence in the environment can do great harm.
- 12. Plastic pollutionon land is both physical and chemical. Plastic reduces soil fertility by forming the part of manure for years. Plastic spoil environmental aesthetics and hygiene. Plastics in soil can lessen the growth of plants and trees by blocking the absorption of minerals, water and other nutrients.
- 13. Industries emitlarge amounts of carbon monoxide, dioxin and hydrogen cyanide. These gaseous pollutants contaminate air and causes respiratory diseases, nervous system disorders and immune suppression in human beings.
- 14. Plastics wastesdumped in water courses contaminate and poisons freshwater life. On leaching in water, plastic can easily enter the human food chain and harm human health. Plastic debrises clog the sewage drains and create stagnant water which will be an ideal habitat for mosquitoes and other parasites. Chocked drains cause flooding during monsoons.
- 15. Discarded Plasticusually ends up within marine sources. The Pacific Ocean has one of the largest dumping ground for plastics, unknown numbers of sea birds marine mammals and fish ingest plastics which causes a variety of negative health effects and leading to their deaths. Effects of plastics on marine life includes entanglement and ingestion of plastics debris by marine vertebrates. Plastic is mistaken for food and is eaten up by birds, turtles, seals, and whales. This may choke them, or impede digestion and causing starvation.
- 16. Prevention Strategies REFUSE – refuse plasticcarry bags at the grocer’s shop.. REDUCE – Choose products with minimum plastic packaging. REUSE – Reuse non – toxic containers and goods. RECYCLE – Recycling is not a sustainable solution. - Can be a last option.
- 18. 1) Wean yourselfoff disposable plastics. Ninety percent of the plastic items in our daily lives are used once and then chucked: grocery bags, plastic wrap, disposable cutlery, straws, coffee-cup lids. Take note of how often you rely on these products and replace them with reusable versions. It only takes a few times of bringing your own bags to the store, silverware to the office, or travel mug to Starbucks before it becomes habit.
- 19. Each year, closeto 20 billion plastic bottles are tossed in the trash. Carry a reusable bottle in your bag, and you’ll never be caught having to resort to a Poland Spring or Evian again. If you’re nervous about the quality of your local tap water, look for a model with a built-in filter.
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- 21. Not only isit healthier, but making your own meals doesn’t involve takeout containers or doggy bags. For those times when you do order in or eat out, tell the establishment you don’t need any plastic cutlery or, for some serious extra credit, bring your own food- storage containers to restaurants for leftovers.
- 22. New toys andelectronic gadgets, especially, come with all kinds of plastic packaging— from those frustrating hard-to-crack shells to twisty ties. Search the shelves of thrift stores, neighborhood garage sales, or online postings for items that are just as good when previously used. You’ll save yourself a few bucks, too.
- 23. It seems obvious,but we’re not doing a great job of it. For example, less than 14 percent of plastic packaging is recycled. Confused about what can and can’t go in the bin? Check out the number on the bottom of the container. Most beverage and liquid cleaner bottles will be (PET), which is commonly accepted by most curbside recycling companies.
- 24. Urge your electedofficials to follow the lead of those in San Francisco, Chicago, and close to 150 other cities and counties by introducing or supporting legislation that would make plastic-bag use less desirable.
- 25. Single-serving yogurts, travel-sizetoiletries, tiny packages of nuts—consider the product- to-packaging ratio of items you tend to buy often and select the bigger container instead of buying several smaller ones over time.
- 26. Invest in azippered fabric bag and request that your cleaned items be returned in it instead of sheathed in plastic. (And while you’re at it, make sure you’re frequenting a dry cleaner that skips the perch, a toxic chemical found in some cleaning solvents.)
- 27. Though we canmake a difference through our own habits, corporations obviously have a much bigger footprint. If you believe a company could be smarter about its packaging, make your voice heard. Write a letter, send a tweet, or hit them where it really hurts: Give your money to a more sustainable competitor.
- 28. Even though plasticrecycling and it’s management has gained momentum nowadays , the best possible way of protecting our environment is to alter the root cause of the problem by reducing the usage of plastics .