pom directing n cntrlng.pptx principles of management
- 1. Unit IV Functions of directing and controlling
- 2. Directing Refers to the process of • Instructing • Guiding • Counselling • Motivating • leading
- 3. Characteristics of directing • Takes place at every level • Continuous process • Flows from top to bottom • Initiates action
- 10. Coordination
- 24. Limitations Difficulty in Setting Qualitative Standards: • the setting of standards is possible if the nature of the work is quantitative but for qualitative work, the setting of standard is rather difficult and, therefore, for their measurement the help of some indirect standards is taken. Ex., the work of measuring the high morale of the employees is qualitative in nature. In order to measure it labour- turnover rate, absenteeism rate, dispute rate, etc. can be taken into consideration. • It is thus clear that quantitative standards cannot be set for all the works and the qualitative standards are not absolutely true.
- 25. No Control over External Factors • A manager can control internal factors (like manpower, material, machine, etc.) but it is impossible to control the external factors (like government policies, technical changes, competition, etc.) Therefore, a situation of absolute discipline cannot be established.
- 26. Resistance from Employees • The business environment undergoes a constant change. Latest techniques of controlling have to be used in order to face this change. However, the employees oppose these techniques. • Ex., if the hall where the employees work is equipped with CCTV (Close Circuit TV) in order to control their activities, they will definitely oppose this move.
- 27. Costly Affair In order to implement the process of controlling a lot of money, time and efforts are required. Small organizations cannot bear such expenditure. Therefore, they are useful for only big organizations. For the small organizations they are simply a luxury. The managers should employ only those controlling techniques which yield profit more than their costs.