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Pond preparation and biosecurity for shrimp culture
- 1. Good Pond Preparation ForBetter Crop
- 2. Diseases in shrimpPrimary •Poor Culture management Secondary • Organic matter • DO • Poor water quality • Poor climate • Staff Result • WSSV • Vibrio • White gut • White muscle • Stunted growth • Gill disease • Unknown mortalities • etc
- 3. Bad pond preparationLeads to Low survival • Decreases pond carrying capacity • Increase disease conditions • So the survival goes down
- 4. Bad pond preparationleads to 10 days 40 days 70 days PLANKTON: Early plankton crash/thick bloom
- 5. Plankton Crash andDepletion of DO
- 6. Pond bottom/ SludgeEarlyAccumulation of toxic gasses
- 7. More Vibrios andWhite gut incidences
- 8. Microsporidians (EHP) • An EmergingPathogen • Hepatopancreatic Tubule Epithelial Cells • This Farms Affected By Retarded Shrimp Growth • Exhibited High mortality associated with white faeces syndrome (WFS)
- 9. Causes of BrownishGill • Lumniscent / Vibrio bacteria • Low Oxygen Levels • Suspended solids • Algal Choke/plankton crash
- 10. Viral disease more:Vectors/ carriers Improper Pond preparation and poor Biosecurity leads to WSSV
- 11. • Prolonged Greenor brown gill conditions • Deteriorated pond bottom
- 12.
- 13. Steps in Pondpreparation 1 Removal of organic matter: 2 Drying: oxidation of organic matter 3 Liming: according to pH 4 Tilling: improve oxidation of nutrients and organic matter 5 Soil enrichment: adding supplements which are deficient in soils For minimum period of 30-40 days prior to every crop
- 14. Pond bottom aftercrop Harvest
- 15. Removal of organicmatter
- 16. Removal of organicmatter • Removes anaerobic matter consist of ammonia, H2S, Methane and other anaerobic harmful substances present in sludge. • Removes certain pathogens especially Protozoans
- 17. Sludge Vs HealthPondbottom Organic matter(Richin organic nutrients and promotes more decaying bacteria) Waterparameter Low DO High bacteria Release of toxic gases Repeated plankton crash Shrimp Running Mortality Vibrio White gut Gills
- 18. Drying • Effective methodof eliminating undesirable species • oxidizes harmful chemicals especially sulphides • facilitates mineralization of organic matter • Decreases Carbon content
- 19.
- 20. Tilling • Improves soilquality • Speeds up the oxidation process • Release of nutrients that are locked in the soil. • Also improves the liming efficiency by mixing
- 21. Pond Drying VsHealthPondbottom Drying and tilling Oxidises soil Cheapest Waterparameter Eliminates many viral and bacterial pathogens of previous crop High bacteria Release of toxic gases Shrimp WSSV Vibrio Etc Premature Crop failure
- 22. pH Check soil pHafter every crop According to soil pH add liming
- 23. Liming requirements (Mt/ha) pHCaCO3 CaOH2 7 0.65 0.33 6.5 0.9 0.45 6 1.15 0.58 5.5 1.40 0.70 5 1.65 0.83 4.5 1.90 0.95
- 24. Liming Vs HealthPondbottom Liming Waterparameter Killsbacteria and protozoans Stabilises water pH Promotes plankton Shrimp Running Mortality Vibrio White gut Gills Moulting
- 25. Differential of soil Organicsmatter overloaded has to be removed
- 26. Differential of soil Lessorganics matter
- 27. Differential of soil Noorganic matter
- 28. Lined Ponds –Preparation Technique
- 29. Compacting For Loose soils Reducesturbidity Gill chocking Improves plankton production
- 30. SOIL ENRICHMENT DRY METHOD(ON SOIL APPLICATION): 1. Rice flour 50 kg per acre. 2. Rice Bran 20 kg per acre. 3. Probiotics 2 ltrs. Per acre. 4. Minerals 2 kg per acre. WET METHOD (WATER APPLICATION): 1. Rice flour 25 kg per acre. 2. Rice bran 10 kg per acre. 3. Jaggery 10-15 kg per acre. 4. Yeast 1 kg per acre. Soak in water fermentation for 24-36 Hrs.
- 31. Uses of Enrichment •Digests sludge • Promotes good bacteria • Improves nutrient cycles and bioavailability of nutrients • Balances nutrients and improves C:N ratio
- 32. Biosecurity For Preventionof viral Diseases • To avoid pathogens • To avoid unwanted species (Mysid, fishes, molluscans etc) • To avoid vectors(Crabs, Arthropods etc) • To avoid contamination between farms and ponds
- 33. Bio Security: BirdFencing Crab Fencing Use good meshes at water pumping (40,60,80,100) Use PP water at enter into the farm and before enter to the farm wash your hands and legs
- 34. Screening meshes Birdfence and Crab fence
- 35.
- 36. Reservoir/chlorination for watertreatment Chemical Concentr ation Minimum withdrawal period Chlorine 20-30 ppm 3 days with aeration and sunlight Dichlorovos / Nuvon 2ppm 7 days CuSO4 (Molluscs and bivalves) 7ppm 7 days
- 37. Biosecurity for AquacultureFacilities, 2009 Select Disinfectants for Aquaculture Product Concentration* Uses and Precautions Virkon® Aquatic 1:100 (1%) to 1:200 (0.5%) for 1 minute Equipment, pumps, protective clothing, foot dips, bilges, bins, buckets, harvesting equipment, vehicles Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2 (bleaching) 200-500 ppm Nets, boots, clothing. Surfaces must be clean; easily inactivated by organic debris. May be corrosive. Highly toxic for aquatic animals. Allow to inactivate for several days or neutralize with sodium thiosulfate after 3 hours. Note: Bleach is 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. Iodine (iodophors) 200 ppm for a few seconds Nets, boots, clothing. Surfaces must be clean; product is easily inactivated by organic debris. Highly toxic for aquatic animals Benzalkonium chloride 250 ppm Plastic surfaces - *can be toxic to fish, so use with caution in fish areas Alcohol (ethanol) 70% Hand santizing * Always consult the product label for appropriate concentrations, uses and safety precautions. Disclaimer: The use of product names does not constitute endorsement.
- 38. Biosecurity for AquacultureFacilities, 2009 Risk Factor: Vectors • Wild fish • Predators – Birds and wildlife • Domestic animals – Dogs and cats traveling between farms • People – Employees, Visitors
- 39. Biosecurity for AquacultureFacilities, 2009 Prevention: Vectors (People) Farm Visitors – Post signs – Maintain a visitor log – Use foot dips/baths for shoes – Accompanied by farm personnel – Avoid animal areas
- 40. SPF seed selection •PCR for WSSV, YHV, MBV, HPV : the PL are automatically rejected • LB and Vibrio Free seed