Population genetics-hardy weinberg equilibrium and non random matting

Population genetics-hardy weinberg equilibrium and non random matting

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  HARDY WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM And NON-RANDOMMATTING NANDEESHA S 1st sem PLANT SCIENCE BANGALORU CENTRAL UNIVERSITY HCT 104 : UNIT IX
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  G. H. HardyWilhelm Weinberg (1877-1947) (1862-1937)
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  Hardy weinberg equilibrium Modelnamed after the two scientists, describes and predicts genotype and allele frequencies in a non- evolving population. THE allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influence. Dominant alleles do not in fact replace recessive ones.
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  A population thatis not changing genetically . If there is no change in frequencies, there is no evolution. In fact, allele frequencies often change in natural populations, with some alleles increasing in frequency and others decreasing.
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  ALLELE FREQUENCY  Genefrequency- alleles are variant forms of a gene that are located at the same position or genetic locus on a chromosome. GENOTYPE FREQUENCY  Genotype frequency- in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total number of individual in the population.
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  o Large population oThere is no mutations of the alleles o There is no migration (no immigration or emig ration) o Random mating o No natural selection Populations In Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Meet Five Criteria
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   Methods
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   Gene frequencieswill be unpredictable in small populations.  All the genotypes in a population reproduce equally and successfully.  A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium do not show evolution. Significance Of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
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   Problems Based OnHardy Weinberg Equilibrium
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  Non-Random mating
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   Non Randommating the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals. OR In a population male does not mating with any female of population is called as non- random mating. most animal and select mates carefully they do not mate randomly
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  Assortative - individualmate with other who are like themselves phenotypically for selected traits (similar) • in breeding (extreme) – close relatives 1st and 2nd ,cousins sibling Types of non mating random
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  Disassortative - individualonly mate with others who are phenotypically differ from themselvesFor sel ective traits (opposites)
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  SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-RANDOMMATING  Plant and animal breeders usually employ controlled positive assortative mating to increase the frequency of desirable traits and to reduce genetic variation in a population.  This method has been used to develop purebred varieties of laboratory mice, dogs, horses and other farm animals.
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  Thank you