Population growth and it's impact

“POPULATION GROWTH &
ITS IMPACT”
___________________________
Presentation by
Asst. Prof. Sandeep Kulkarni
Dept. of Environmental Studies
K. J. Somaiya College of Arts & Comm,
Mumbai
sandeep.sk@somaiya.edu

World Population Day, which seeks to focus attention on the urgency and
importance of population issues, was established by the Governing Council of the
United Nations Development Program in 1989.
This year's World Population Day calls for global attention on the International
Conference on Population and Development, which was held in 1994.
Twenty-five years have passed since that landmark conference, where 179
governments recognized that reproductive health and gender equality are
essential for achieving sustainable development.

Mountains Less Population
Plains More Population

Designated as urban (400 persons per sq km)
Kolkata, Chennai, Greater Mumbai, Hyderabad, Delhi & Chandigarh
(over 6,000 persons per sq km)
Varanasi
Vatican City Jerusalem
Mumbai

Ganga River
Nile river Huang He & Chang Jiang Rivers

Reasons for J – Shaped curve / Drastic growth of world population :
1. Independence for 61 countries (1919 – 1985): Ceasing of freedom struggle, death, killing, riots, violences.
2. Constitution: Law, Justice, Provision, Social Development, etc.
3. War: (World II Ended - 1945) Small wars (1898 – 1994)
4. Medical advances: Smallpox vaccine - 1899, Insulin – 1922, Penicillin – 1942, Polio - 1955, Chemotherapy – 1956.
5. Agriculture development: Scientific research, Universities, Invention, New topics – Genetics, Agronomy (1900 – TT)
6. Industrial development: Revolution – Expansion – Globalization.
7. Economic development: New ideas, management methods, supply – demand ratio balance, Green-White revolution.
8. Settled Life: Proper education, medical, transport, security, food, clothing, shelter, etc.
9. Transportation: Flight (1903), Automobiles (1939 – 1945), Spaceflight (1950), High Speed Rail - Japan (1964) in Asia.
10. Communication: More than 20 inventions (1920 – 1990), 9 inventions (21st Century)

About the Population (World & India):
 World’s population is now 7.6 billion, will be 11.2 billion in 2100. (50.4 % male & 49.6 % is female)
 80 years aged persons projected: from 137 million (2017) to 425 million (2050) & 909 million (2100)
 10 – 24 years aged are 1.8 billion, with 90 % of them live in developing countries.
 Globally 46 % & in India 47 % of girls are married before the age of 18.
 41 % of India's population is (less than 20 years) compared to 24 % of the world's young population.
 2.4 % of the world's land area, India 17 % (132 Cr) of the world population, 1st after China by 2024.

For example:
• Shri Ram College of Commerce
in Delhi with 400 slots & gets
28, 000 applicants each year.
• That means > 2 % of the
applicants get in, an
acceptance rate far lower than
Harvard's.

According to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) - 2018, unemployment in India
had risen to 31 million individuals looking for jobs. The lowest unemployment rate in India
was 3.4% (July 2017) but has now risen to 7.1%.

In 2001, working population 39.2 %
while 60.8 % unproductive workers
(Below 15 & above 60 years). But in
2018, it is 49.8 % against 51.2 %.
Population growth rate - 1.17 % (2017)
Birth rate - 19 births / 1, 000 population (2017)
Death rate - 7.3 deaths / 1, 000 population (2017)

In India, as per census 2001, about 307 million person have been reported as migration by place of birth. Out of them about
259 million (84.2%), migrated from on e part of the state to another, i.e., from one village or town to another village or town.
42 million (2%) from out side the country. The data on migration by last residence in India as per Census 2001 shows that the
total number of migrants has been 314 million. Out of these migrants by last residence, 268 million (85%) has been intra-
state migrants, those who migrated from one are of the state to another. 41 million (13%) were interstate migrants and 5.1
million (1.6%) migrated from out side of the country.
Migrants by place of birth § Out of the1.02 billion people in the country, 307 million (or 30%) were reported as migrants by
place of birth
Migration by last residence from neighbouring countries § In 2001 Census about 5.1 million persons reported as migrant by
last residence from across the International border. § About 97% of these migrants by last residence were from the eight
neighbouring countries (including Afghanistan). § Of these migrants 3.0 million were from Bangladesh, 0.9 million from
Pakistan, 0.5 million from Nepal and 0.1 million from Sri Lanka. § About 65.2% of these migrants from the neighbouring
countries had migrated to India at least 20 years back perhaps at the time of partition and later during the Bangladesh war in
1971. § In comparison to 1991, there is 31.6% decline in international migration to India (excluding J&K) in 2001. This is due
to substantial decline in the number of recent migration and death of earlier migrants due to old age.

Global Food Security Index:
India – 66, China - 39, Sri Lanka - 62)
India alone accounts for 54 % of
malnutrition-related child deaths.

Hunger in India: 196 million (15 %) are undernourished.
Global Hunger Index – 2017 (100 / 119)
Per capita food demand will be 284 kg
per annum for 1692 million people in
the year 2050.
And 300 kg per annum for 1718 million
population in the year 2065.

Housing
shortage
(2022)
30 million

India recorded an estimated 3.9 million cancer cases in 2016

Central Pollution Control Board, 63 % of Urban Sewage flowing into rivers
(62 billion liters / day) is untreated.

India performs the worst among other emerging economies.
China – 118, Brazil - 77, Russia - 73, South Africa - 72.

The costs of a 1-m sea level rise could include up to 7 million
people displaced, and 5764 sq km of land and 4200 miles of
road lost (Tata, 2002).

Solutions to control growth of population:
1. Education: Need to have 1 / 2 children with best lifestyle. Men delay marriage & so small family.
Women becomes health conscious & avoid frequent pregnancies.
2. Sex Education: Parents & teachers should complete information. Otherwise teenagers may seek
wrong information and fail to learn about proper behavior.
3. Family Planning: To know various safe sex techniques & contraceptives to prevent unwanted
pregnancy. “Hurry for the first child, Delay the second child & avoid the third.”
4. Tax Benefits & Incentives: Govt. policies to exempt tax or provide incentives in health, discounted
education or finance to married couples having 1 / 2 kids can curb population growth.
5. Child mortality & fertility: Child mortality & fertility are directly proportional to each other, so
reducing mortality can reduce fertility. Assures & give confidence of child survival for long term.

6. Marriage age: India minimum age for marriage is 21 years for men & 18 years for women fixed by law.
7. Raising the Status of Women: Education & equality to develop good social & economical life.
8. Adoption: Adopt orphan children. It will be beneficial to orphan children & childless couples.
9. Change in Social Outlook: Marriage is not about only child birth. Women not a machine to reproduce.
10. Social Security: Dependency on others in the event of old age, sickness, unemployment etc. be reduced.
11. Employment: Avenues in rural & urban areas. Employed persons will work & less child growth.
12. Development of Agriculture & Industry: Large people get employment – income increased – improve
standard of living - adopt small family norms.
13. Standard of Living: To maintain their higher standard of living people prefer to have a small family.
(A. K. Das Gupta) Rs. 100 / month = 3.4 reproduction rate, Rs. 300 = 2.8

14. Urbanisation: People in urban areas have low birth rate than in rural areas.
15. Self Control: It is an ideal & healthy approach should be provided to follow.
16. Recreational Facilities: Cinema; theatre, sports & dance etc. are available to the people.
17. Publicity: T.V., radio, newspaper means to propagate about the planned family to the mass.
18. Employment to Woman: Provide employment to women to give services in different fields.
19. Medical Facilities: Availability of good hospitals / doctors can result in survival of kids.
20. Legislative Actions: Stop child marriage, child labor, child sex, beggary & slavery.
21. Eradicate Poverty: Most poor countries have highest population growth not rich ones.
22. Easy & Cheap Contraceptives: Use of condoms & contraceptives must be advertised &
promoted, it controls population & prevents sexually transmitted diseases & AIDS.

References:
1. https://socialissuesindia.wordpress.com/2013/06/26/hunger-and-food-security-in-india/
2. https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/03/0271.pdf
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov https://www.indiastat.com/
4. censusindia.gov.in/
5. Impact of India’s Population Growth on Economic Development - PARIPEX – May 2014
6. http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/Statistical
7. https://www.indiafoodbanking.org/hunger
8. https://link.springer.com/article
9.
10.
11.
12.
https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/how-govts-housing-push-is-driving-developers-towards-
affordable-projects/1591382/

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