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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- 1. POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PTSD BY: MS.MONAL PARMAR
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- 3. DEFINITION • PTSD isan anxiety disorder that develop in response to a stressful event or situation of exceptionally threatening. acute -duration of symptoms is less than 3 months. • chronic- 3 months or more. • delayed –at least 6 months after the stressors
- 4. INCIDENCE 8% OFTHE GENERAL POPULATION. WOMEN AT HIGH RISK COMPARED TO MEN. MOST PREVALENT IN YOUNG ADULTS. SINGLED, DIVORCED ,WIDOWED ,SOCIALLY WITHDRAWN OR OF LOW SOCIO ECONOMIC LEVEL. FIRST DEGREE BIOLOGICAL RELATIVES.
- 5. RISK FACTORS LIMITED SOCIALSUPPORT HIGH ANXIETY LEVEL . LOW SELF ESTEEM . NEUROTIC AND EXTROVERTED CHARACTERISTICS. FAMILY HISTORY OF PTSD OR DEPRESSION HISTORY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.
- 6. Previous diagnosis ofan acute stresas disorder that failed to resolve within one month. GENETIC FACTORS
- 7. ETIOLOGY THE STRESSORS INDIVIDUAL VULNERABILITY FACTORS. BIOLOGICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS. PSYCHODYNAMIC FACTOR . BEHAVIOURAL MODEL. COGNITIVE MODEL GENETIC FACTOR.
- 8. STRESSORS • THE NECESSARY CAUSEOF PTSD IS AN EXCEPTIONALLY STRESSFUL EVENT. •
- 9. INDIVIDUAL VULNERABILITY FACTORS CHILDHOODTRAUMA PERSONALITY TRAITS INADEQUATE SUPPORT SYSTEM. GENETIC VULNERABILITY. RECENT EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE HIGH ANXIETY LEVEL. LOW SELF ESTEEM.
- 10. BIOLOGICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS NORADRENERGICAND ENDOGENOUS OPIATE SYSTEMS ARE HYPERACTIVE.
- 11. PSYCHODYNAMIC FACTORS REVIVAL OFCHILDHOOD TRAUMA CAUSES MANIFESTATION OF PTSD.
- 12. BEHAVIOURAL MODEL Thetrauma is paired through classical conditioned stimulus. Through instrumental learning people develop a pattern of avoidance of both unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus.
- 13. GENETIC FACTORS • STUDIESHAVE PROVED THAT MONOZYGOTIC TWINS ARE MORE PRONE THAN DIZYGOTIC TWINS.
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- 22. • Flashbacks • Nightmares •Feeling of intense distress • Avoid activity • Avoid place • Loss of interest in activity • Feeling of detached from other • Self blame • Hopelessness • Suicidal thought • Alone • Physical aches & pain
- 23. DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS • ACCORDING TODSM IV Exposure to traumatic event persistent rexperience of trauma consistent and persistent avoidance of stimulii associated with trauma such as avoiding thoughts or places.being unable to remain aspects of trauma. persistent heightened fellings of arousal. symptoms more than one month. evidence of impairement in functioning.
- 24. LABORATORY FINDINGS STUDIES OFAUTONOMIC FUNCTIONING eg HEART RATE, ELECTROMYELOGRAPHY,SWEAT GLAND ACTIVITY.
- 25. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS ADJUSTMENTDISORDER ACUTE STRESS DISORDER. OCD FLASHBACKS ANOTHER MENTAL DISORDER.
- 26. MANAGEMENT PSYCHO THERAPY EXPOSURETHERAPY STRESS MANAGEMENT EYE MOVEMENT DESCENTIZATION AND REPROCESSING. GROUP THERAPY FAMILY THERAPY
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- 32. COGNITIVE THERAPY • ITAIMS AT REDUCING STRESS. • ENCOURAGES THE CLIENT TO TALK OPENLY. • ENCOURAGES THE CLIENT TO FACE FRIGHTENING SITUATIONS. •
- 33. BEHAVIOURAL TECHNIQUE • USEFULFOR AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOUR. • ENCOURAGES TO RECALL THEM EITHER WHILE THEY ARE RELAXING OR ANXIOUS. •
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- 36. NURSING MANAGEMENT establishtrust encourage the patient to express. use crisis intervention. deal constructively with patients display of anger. help the patient to relieve shame and guilt. review the healing process . administer medications.
- 37. COUNSELLING avoid lonliness. communicate engage inexercises. avoid stimulus which will increase feelings of nervousness. eat nourishing food. understand that emotiion will be labile. get back into your normal routine
- 38. continue to spendtime with others. you should expect that you may have relapse.or triggers of extreme sadness. expect that you may have trouble concenterating. try to participate in activities. try to reach out to others it will remove felling of hopelessness. trauma reaction will grow less intense and disapear within few weeks. seek profesional help.
- 39. PROGNOSIS 30% RECOVERCOMPLETELY. 40% CONTINUE TO HAVE MILD SYMPTOMS. 20% EXPERIENCE MODERATE SYMPTOMS. 10% REMAIN UNCHANGED OR WORSE.
- 40. NURSING DIAGNOSIS POST TRAUMAR/T DISTRESSING EVENT CONSIDERED TO BE OUTSIDE THE USUAL RANGE OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE. DYSFUNCTION GRIEVING R/T LOSS OF SELF AS PERCIEVED PRIOR TO THE TRAUMA. ANXIETY R/T POST TRAUMA STRESS RESPONSE AS EVIDENCED BY POOR SLEEP, IRRITABILITY & COGNITIVE IMPAIREMENT.
- 41. COMPROMISED FAMILY COPINGR/T TEMPORARY FAMILY DISORGANISATION. POST TRAUMA SYNDROME R/T PHYSICALAND SEXUALASSAULT.
- 42. PROGNOSIS 30% RECOVERCOMPLETELY. 40% CONTINUE TO HAVE MILD SYMPTOMS. 20% EXPERIENCE MODERATE SYMPTOMS. 10% REMAIN UNCHANGED OR WORSE.
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