Postharvest diseases of fruit crops. pdf

Postharvest diseases of fruit crops. pdf

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  Volume 06 -Issue 06 - June 2024 272 | P a g e Post-Harvest Diseases of Fruit Crops Article ID: 50087 K. Sowmya1, Dr. Pooja Yaddanapudi1 1Dept. of Fruit Science, SKLTSHU, Mulugu-Siddipet. Introduction After successful harvesting, fruits are susceptible to post-harvest diseases, which can lead to significant economic losses. These issues pose challenges for farmers and distributors. In this article, we will explore some of the common post-havest diseases affecting fruit crops and suggestions to mitigate their impact. 1. Pineapple Fruitlet core rot Symptoms: Septa between locules become brown in colour with a grey water-soaked centre. The infected fruitlets do not enlarge as rapidly as unaffected fruilets and frequently lead to misshapen fruit. Management: Fungicides have not been effective except when applied directly into the opening of the terminal leaves that is created by the emerging inflorescence. 2. Avocado Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes Sympyoms: This fungal causes dark, sunken lesions on the skin of the avocado. It can also cause the flesh to become discolored and mushy. Anthracnose is spread by spores that can carried on the wind or by insects. Management: Strobilurins -broad spectrum fungicides with good efficacy against anthracnose. Botrytis rot Symptoms: This causes gray, fuzzy mold to grow on the skin of the avocado. It can also cause the flesh to become soft and watery. Botrytis rot most common in cool, humid conditions. Management: Store avocados at cool temperatures 50-55 degrees/F slow fungal growth, avoid high humidity during storage and transportation on the fruit. 3. Jack Fruit Fruit rot (Rhizopus stolonifera) Symptoms: This is the most common and destructive post-harvest disease of jackfruit. It is caused by a number of different fungi, including Rhizopus artocarpi. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and lasiodiplodia theobrome. Symptoms of fruit rot include sunken, discolored patches on the skin, which eventually develop into soft, mushy areas. The affected fruit may also emit a foul odor. Management: Regularly inspect the orchard for signs of disease and promptly remove infected fruits to prevent the spread of rot. Blackrot (Diplodia theobromae) Symptoms: Black rot includes dark brown or black, circular lesions on the skin of the fruit. These lesions may enlarge and coalesce, eventually covering the entire fruit. Black rot can also cause the fruit to become soft and mushy. Management: Practice crop rotation to break the disease cycle. Avoid planting jackfruit in the same location every year and consider diversifying the crops in the area. 4. Amla (Anola) Blue mold Symotoms: Soft, watery rot that starts at the stem end of the fruit and spreads Management: Regularly inspect and remove infected fruits to
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  Volume 06 -Issue 06 - June 2024 273 | P a g e quickly. The affected area develops a characteristic blue-green mold. prevent the spread of the disease. Consider rotating different fungicides to prevent. Anthracnose Symptoms: Small, sunken lesions on the fruit, which enlarge and turn brown or black. The lesions may ooze a pink or orange liquid. Management: Consider using adjuvants or stickers with fungicides to enhance adherence to plant surfaces, ensure thorough coverage of amla foliage and fruits during spray applications. Soft rot Symptoms: Soft, watery rot that develops rapidly, causing the fruit to collapse. The affected may have a foul odor. Management: Rotate between different fungicides to minimize the risk of developing resistance in the soft rot-causing pathogens. 5. Custard Apple Black rot Symptoms: Manifest as dark, leathery patches on the fruit’s skin. These patches grow rapidly, eventually engulfing the entire fruit and turning it mushy and black. Management: Black rot thrives in humid environments. Practices like good orchard drainage, avoiding overhead irrigation, and maintaining proper canopy airflow can help reduce humidity levels. Using chemicals carbendazim captan. Sour rot (Geotrichum candidum) Symptoms: Sour rot primarily affects custard apples stored in humid conditions. It starts as small, white or cream-colored patches on the fruit’s skin, which enlarge and become wrinkled. The affected flesh develops a sour, fermented odor and taste. Management: Maintain proper storage conditions, avoid storing fruits in enclosed spaces with poor air circulation, applying a thin layer of edible wax can create a physical barrier against fungal spores and help reduce moisture loss. 6. Rambutan Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) Symptoms: Starts as small, sunken, brown spots on the fruit’s skin, enlarging and turning dark brown or black with a white or pink fungal growth in the center. The flesh underneath becomes discolored and rotten. Management: Pre harvest fungicide sprays, proper hygiene during harvest and handling, prompt cooling and storage at 13 degrees with 85-90%humidity, post- harvest fungicide dips. Pine apple core rot Pine apple black rot Avocado anthracnose Jackfruit fruit rot Jackfruit black rot Amla anthrcnose Amla blue mold Amla soft rot
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  Volume 06 -Issue 06 - June 2024 274 | P a g e References 1. Book: Udhyana panchangam, 4th Edition 2. Book: Fruit Crops. Radha,T. and matthew,L. 2007. New india Publishing agency, New Delhi. ISBN:9788189422462. Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Pooja Yaddanapudi, Teaching Associate (Dept. of Fruit Science, SKLTHSU) for corrections and suggesting Agriculture and Food e-Newsletter Magazine for publishing my article and also extend my gratitude to my batch mates (2023 M.Sc. Fruit science PGIHS- MULUGU) for their support during preparation of the manuscript.