ppt on database management
- 2. Content Introduction of Database Type of Database I. Centralized Database II. Distributed database Introduction of DBMS Motive of DBMS Need of DBMS Components of DBMS Applications of DBMS Advantages of DBMS Limitations of DBMS
- 3. Introduction of Database A DATABASE CAN BE COMPARED TO A FILING CABINET WHICH CONTAIN MANY FILES.THE FILES ARE TABLES CONTAINING DATA. THE SIZE OF A DATABASE CAN VE VERY LARGE AND CAN HAVE VARING LEVEL OF COMPLEXBILITY. WHILE TODAY MOST DATABASE ARE MAINTAINED ON COMPUTER, SOME OF THEM MAY BE MANUALLY MAINTAINED. A DATABASE IS A COLLECTION OF DATA THAT IS RELATED IN SOME WAY. IT CAN ALSO BE DEFINED AS AN ORGANIZED COLLECTION OF RELATED DATA OR A COLLECTION OF INTERRELATED SHARED AND CONTROLLED DATA. A LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED FOR THE COMMERCE STREAM, THE LIST OF NAME, ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBER INA TELEPHONE DIRECTORY ETC. ARE ALL EXAMPLE OF DATABASE.
- 4. Type of Database Centralized Database :- A centralized database (sometimes abbreviated CDB) is a Database that is located, stored, and maintained in a single location. This location is most often a central computer or database system, for example a desktop or server CPU, or a mainframe computer. In most cases, a centralized database would be used by an organization (e.g. a business company) or an institution (e.g. a university.) Users access a centralized database through a computer network which is able to give them access to the central CPU, which in turn maintains to the database itself. Distributed database A distributed database (DDB) is an integrated collection of databases that is physically distributed across sites in a computer network. A distributed database management system (DDBMS) is the software system that manages a distributed database such that the distribution aspects are transparent to the users. To form a distributed database system (DDBS), the files must be structured, logically interrelated, and physically distributed across multiple sites. In addition, there must be a common interface to access the distributed data.
- 5. Introduction of DBMS THE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) IS A COLLECTION OF PROGRAMS THAT ENABLES THE USERS TO CREAT, MAINTAIN, STORE AND MODIFY A DATABASE. ONE OF THE FEATURES OF DBMS IS THAT IT MAINTAINS THE INTEGRITY OF DATA STORED AND HAS VARIOUS LEVEL OF SECURITY FOR DIFFERENT USERA TO ACCESS THE DATA. DATA STORED CAN BE ACCESSED AND OBTAINED IN MANY FORMATS AND CAN ALSO BE REPRESENTED GRAPHICALLY. USING THE QUERY LANGUAGE OF THE DBM THE USERS CAN EXTRACT INFORMATION FROM THE DATABASE. THE DATABASE AND DBMS SOFTWARE TOGETHER IS CALLED AS DATABASE SYSTEM. LOGICAL STRUCTURE (SCHEMA) THIS THE WAY THE DATA IS VIEWED BY THE PROGRAMMERS. SOME DBMS ENABLE US TO DEFINE "VIEWS" OF THE DATABASE. A VIEW IS HOW THE DATABASE APPEARS TO THE USER. THIS ENABLES US TO SHOW ONLY THE RELEVANT INFORMATION TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF USERS AND IT INCREASE SECURITY, AS CERTAIN USERS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SEE DATA WHICH THEY ARE NOT MEANT TO SEE.
- 6. Motive of DBMS DBMS(Data base management system):- It is a collection of inter related data, which is used to insert, delete and retrieve data. Major motive of DBMS are •To store and transform data into information •To organize the data in the form of table, schema and report forms •To provide security of data •Data is stored in either hierarchical form or a navigational form •It can also store data graphs form •DBMS is a interface between database and end user •Through DBMS data can be accessed by multiple users, from multiple locations in a controlled manner
- 7. Need of DBMS Traditional file systems have the very lowest level of storage and processing capabilities which created problems regarding security, integrity, memory storage and duplicate data, data inconsistency and so on For these type problems, DBMS is a solution Let’s discuss the top 3 reasons why you need a database management system Data retrieval Data integrity Data security
- 8. • 1. Data retrieval If you want to retrieve data from the flat file then we must develop application programs in a high-level language, so that data can be stored and retrieved fastly and securely within the time bound Ex: SQL – structured query language. • 2. Data integrity Data integrity ensure that only required data is stored in the database. data is validated before entered into the database using integrity constraints such as primary key, foreign key, etc. • 3. Data security In traditional file management, there is no authentication mechanism at high- end whereas DBMS provides levels of security authentication which can be done at user level admin level, etc.
- 9. Components of DBMS Hardware, Software, Data, Database Access Language, Procedures and Users all together form the components of a DBMS. Let us discuss the components one by one clearly. Hardware The hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and accessing the database. The conventional DBMS hardware consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disks. Databases run on the range of machines from micro computers to mainframes. Software Software is the actual DBMS between the physical database and the users of the system. All the requests from the user for accessing the database are handled by DBMS. Data It is an important component of the database management system. The main task of DBMS is to process the data. Databases are used to store the data, retrieved, and updated to and from the databases. Users There are a number of users who can access or retrieve the data on demand using the application and the interfaces provided by the DBMS.
- 10. The components of DBMS are given below in pictorial form :- Software Hardware Data Procedure Data Acess language
- 11. Applications of DBMS Application and Uses of Database Management System (DBMS) Railway Reservation System. Library Management System. Banking. Universities and colleges. Credit card transactions. Social Media Sites. Telecommunications. Finance.
- 12. Advantages of DBMS Advantages of Database Management System Better Data Transferring Better Data Security Better data integration Minimized Data Inconsistency Faster data Access Better decision making Increased end-user productivity Simple
- 13. Limitations of DBMS o Increased Cost • Cost of Hardware and Software • Cost of Staff Training • Cost of Data Conversion o Complexity o Currency Maintenance o Performance o Frequency Upgrade/Replacement Cycles