Practical Research 1 - Ethics in Research

Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
SESSION OBJECTIVE
write an essay about the ethical considerations in conducting
research.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

What are the characteristics of research? What are the qualities of a good researcher?
What are the components of the research process? How do you differentiate the types
of variables? What are the classifications of research? What are the processes involved
in conducting research? What are the obligations of researchers in order to adhere to
professional standards? What factors should be considered in selecting a research
problem? Why do we need ethics in research? What are the unethical practices in
conducting research? To strengthen students‘ knowledge of the different concepts that
involve research, ask them to create a reflection paper of the ethical and unethical
practices in conducting research. Let the students cite examples of researches that have
ethical implications. Tell them to relate their experiences and decision-making when
conducting their research and the effect of researches to the readers if it is not done
properly.
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MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and
experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid
and conclusive results.
Source: Calmorin and Calmorin,

•Research Methods and Thesis Writing.
•To make students realize the nature of research, you may present the research process diagram that includes the following research processes:
•1. Select a general problem.
•2. Review the literature of the problem.
•3. Select a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.
•4. Collect data.
•5. Analyze and present or display data.
•6. Interpret the findings and state conclusions or generalizations regarding the problem.
•
•Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem
•1. Researcher‘s area of interest
•2. Availability of funds
•3. Investigator‘s ability and training
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•Ethics in Research
•
•Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or
wrong, proper or improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary
definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be ethical is to conform to accepted
professional practice.
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Ethical considerations in conducting research
•1. Objectivity and integrity
•2. Respect of the research subjects‘ right to privacy and dignity
and protection of subjects from personal harm
•3. Presentation of research findings
•4. Misuse of research role
•5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
•6. Distortions of findings by sponsor
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•Unethical practices in conducting research
•1. Deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study
•2. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme embarrassment; guilt
emotional turmoil by remaining him or her of an unpleasant experience
•3. Invading the privacy of a respondent
•4. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their knowledge
•5. When analyzing the data—revealing only part of the facts, presenting facts out of
context, falsifying findings or offering misleading presentation such as lying with
statistics.
•Source: Biglete, ―Ethical Considerations in Conducting Research‖
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•Assessment.
•Finding and analyzing an existing research study Ask the students to select one (1)
published research aligned to their specialization. Ask them to analyze the research by
answering the following questions: What is the research all about? What are the
processes used in the research study? Did the researcher consider the ethics in
conducting research? Why did you say so?
•Ask the students to have a discourse with regards to the processes and characteristics
of research. Tell them to research about the processes and characteristics of research
then share it with their classmates through a collaborative work. Make sure that each
student brings with them their research. This is necessary in order for them to
understand deeply the processes involved in conducting research and its characteristics.
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•Guide Questions for group discussion:
• What are the characteristics of research?
• What is cyclical research?
• How do you differentiate empirical from logical
research?
• What are the processes involved in conducting
research?
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Practical Research 1 - Ethics in Research

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