PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1_ ETHICS IN WRITING RESEARCH PAPER.pptx

Questions:
1. What value was manifested by the driver? by
the employer?
2. Who between the two should be emulated?
Why?
3. In what way does the two scenarios
demonstrate/ shows ethics?

ETHICS
in
RESEARCH
ETHICS in RESEARC

ETHICS
• It is from the Greek word “Ethos”
meaning character.
• is a branch of knowledge that deals
with moral principles on governing a
person’s behavior in the conduct of any
activity.

ETHICS in RESEARCH
•It will guide you in considering the ethical
codes and policies you have to follow in
writing and conducting a research.
•It promotes the aim of research, such as
expanding knowledge and supporting the
values required for collaborative work,
such as mutual respect and fairness.

Principles of Research
Respect for Persons
1
2 Beneficence
3 Justice

1. Respect for Persons
 Recognition of
human dignity
and informed
consent process

Consent is ‘Informed’
 What is it about?
 Why the research is being done?
 What will participation is involved-
methods, duration, etc.?
 What are the benefits and risk?
 Other practical project information

2. Beneficence
Etymologically, comes from the latin
words:
• “bonus” where bene was taken to mean
“good”
• “fic” where fiche was taken to mean “to
act or do”
 It refers to “action done for the good
of others”
 In the language of medicine, this
highlights the duty of health provider to
do good and take positive steps, such as
prevention and removal of harm to the
patient.

3. Justice
 Justice is use to the
sense of “fairness”
The right to fair
treatment
The right to privacy

Nazi doctors conducted horrific human
experimentation during World War II as part
of the broader ideology and goals of the Nazi
regime, which placed a strong emphasis on racial
purity, eugenics, and the perceived superiority
of the "Aryan" race. These experiments were
done to advance Nazi racial theories, gain
military advantages, and to test unproven
medical theories, often with the goal of
justifying atrocities or conducting unethical
research without concern for human rights.

• The experiments were conducted on vulnerable
populations, particularly Jewish people, Roma
(Gypsies), disabled individuals, and prisoners of war,
with no regard for the suffering, trauma, or death
that resulted. Some of the well-known experiments
included:
1.Twin experiments: Led by Dr. Josef Mengele at
Auschwitz, these experiments were designed to
investigate genetic differences by performing
gruesome and often fatal procedures on twins,
including dissection, injection of chemicals, and
surgical mutilations.

2. Freezing experiments: Prisoners were subjected to
freezing temperatures to test survival rates, and to develop
methods for treating hypothermia for German soldiers in cold
climates.
3. Medical experimentation on diseases: Infected prisoners
with diseases such as malaria, typhus, and tuberculosis to
study the effects and potential treatments, often without
any form of pain relief or medical ethics.
4. Sterilization experiments: These aimed to develop
methods of mass sterilization to eliminate the reproduction
of people considered "racially inferior.“
5. Chemical warfare experiments: Prisoners were exposed to
poisonous gases and chemicals to study the effects of
chemical warfare.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)
•is a committee established to review and approve
research involving human participants. Its primary
purpose is to ensure that research studies are
conducted ethically and in compliance with legal and
regulatory standards, safeguarding the rights, welfare,
and safety of participants. The IRB is tasked with
reviewing research proposals to ensure that they meet
ethical guidelines, especially concerning informed
consent, risk minimization, and the protection of
vulnerable groups.

Group Sharing: SCENARIO CHECK!
Divide the participants into four groups.
Analyze the case by answering the question that
follows. The group have 5 minutes to do the
activity and 3 minutes to share your answers.
Choose a representative from the group to
present your output.

Questions:
1. How do you find the activity?
2. What insights or realizations have you gained
from the activity?
3. What similarities are present in all cases?
4. Do you know the specific violations in
conducting research evident in each case?

COUNT ME IN!
1. In what aspects of our daily living can we manifest good or bad ethics?
a. Relationship with parents
b. Relationship with friends
c. Relationship with schoolmates
d. Relationship with teachers
2. Count the good and bad ethics that you did to your parents last
Monday?
3. How you measure good and bad ethics?
4. What are some of the ethical standards in writing research?

CHOOSE ME!
The teacher will play a music while the students
are passing the ball. When the music stops the
student who is holding the ball will be the one to
pick a number and answer the given question. The
student who answers correctly will receive
additional points.

CHOOSE ME!
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
NEXT

Question:
What is informed consent?
BACK

Question:
Why is confidentiality
important in research?
BACK

Question:
What is the purpose of a
research ethics review board?
BACK

Question:
What are the three
principles of research?
BACK

Question:
What does anonymity mean
in research?
BACK

Question:
Why is debriefing important
after a study?
BACK

Question:
What is the principle of
respect for persons?
BACK

Question:
What is Ethics?
BACK

Question:
What is plagiarism in
research?
BACK

Question:
Why is it important to report
research findings honestly?
BACK

DOING THINGS RIGHT!
Determine the appropriate action to address the unethical practices described
below. Write your answers in the answer sheet provided
SCENARIO What should be
done?
1. Jaypee a senior high school student is planning to conduct his first research
on the misbehavior of fellow students during examinations. However, he has
no idea on the ethical guidelines in conducting such research.
2. Because of non-participation in extracurricular activities, Trey, an honor
student, ranked last in the honor role. A qualitative research about Tray is
conducted without informing him.
3. Gabby, a graduating student, claimed the research work of his classmate. He
erased the name of the original researcher and placed his own.
4. To maximize the participants in her study, valedictorian forced her
classmates to join her study.
5. A group of senior high school student secretly chose their teacher as the

GROUP PROJECT
Read a published research study and make a
two-paragraph reflective essay on how the
research follow/ violate the principles of
research.

Beneficence
2
a. According to the ethical principle of beneficence, is any
risk to research participants ever acceptable?
b. What kind of risks are acceptable or unacceptable in
the context of a study?
c. Is deception of subjects allowed when doing research? ?

Justice
3
She emulated her mentor's work ethic, striving to achieve the
same level of success and dedication."

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1_ ETHICS IN WRITING RESEARCH PAPER.pptx

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1_ ETHICS IN WRITING RESEARCH PAPER.pptx

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