Prag progppt
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Pragmatism and progressivism both emphasized experience, change, and problem solving in education. Pragmatism viewed truth as determined by practical consequences rather than correspondence to fixed realities. It was developed in the late 19th century by philosophers like Peirce, James, Dewey and Mead. Progressivism applied pragmatic ideas to education in the early 20th century by emphasizing learning through experience, projects, and problem solving rather than rote memorization. Progressivist educators like Dewey, Kilpatrick, and Parker argued education should be a process of living rather than preparation for life and focus on meeting student needs and interests. Both philosophies rejected rigid, authoritarian education in favor of democratic, experiential approaches.
Prag progppt
- 1. Pragmatism and Progressivism Lulu M. Calma reporter
- 2. Pragmatism Referred to as experimentalism, based on change, process, and relativity. Construes knowledge as a process in which reality is constantly changing Nothing can be viewed intelligently except in relation to a pattern Truth is no longer absolute or unversal Pragmatism
- 3. Charles S. Peirce coined the term pragmatism from the Greek word PRAGMA meaning “work”, “act”, or “deed” founded an organization known as “the Metaphysical Club.” said that all truths need to be revised, a position he called “fallibilism.” wrote,“Ourbeliefs guide our desires and shape our actions.”
- 4. His educational theories were presented in My pedagogic creed (1897), The School and Society (1900), The Child and the Curriculum (1902), Democracy and Education (1916) and Experience and Education (1938). HE believed that STUDENTS should be involved in real-life tasks and challenges "I believe that education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living.“ John Frederick Dewey
- 5. Best Known For: Pragmatism Functionalism James-Lange Theory of Emotion Often called the father of American psychology GAVE THE TERM pragmatism ITS CLEAREST EXPRESSION. thought that THE BEST THEORY to believe is the one that brings about the best consequences in your life. “There can be no difference anywhere that doesn't make a difference elsewhere.” William James
- 6. George Herbert Mead FOUNDER of Pragmatism Pioneered the development of symbolic interaction perspective HE believes that “we naturally talk to ourselves in order to sort out the meaning of a difficult situation.” One of the FOUNDERS of social psychology
- 7. PRINCIPLES Changing Nature OF TRUTH Problems as the Emphasis on social and democratic values motives of truth Truth is formed IMPORTANCE of m a n p o w e r by its result Emphasis on the PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY Opposition to fixed ideals and values Importance of activity Opposition to social customs and traditions FAITH in present and future Faith in flexibility FAITH in pluralism Pragmatism
- 8. Characteristics of Education Characteristics life GROWTH Continuous reconstruction of experience a social progress a responsibility of the state Pragmatism
- 9. Aims • more EDUCATION • all round development of an individual • continuous reconstruction of EXPERIENCE • social efficiency growth • continuous •personal SOCIAL adjustment and Pragmatism
- 10. Types Humanistic Experimentalism Biological Pragmatism
- 11. Curriculum EMPHASIS • Creation of new SOCIAL order • Integrated and based on the problem of SOCIETY • Subjects are interdisciplinary.
- 12. Methods of Teaching Learning by doing - education should be imparted through activities and personal experiences Integration - seeks to maintain unity in diversity
- 13. Classroom Management •NO external discipline imposed by authority •NO place for rewards and punishments as every activity is to be pursued in a social setting Pragmatism
- 14. the TEACHER • applies democratic methods • classroom is a community of learners • facilitator NOT authoritarian • ENCOURAGES, OFFERS SUGGESTIONS, QUESTIONS AND HELPS PLAN AND IMPLEMENTS courses of study • writes curriculum and MUST HAVE A COMMAND OF SEVERAL DISCIPLINES to create and implement curriculum Pragmatism
- 15. Legacy Emphasis on the child as the learner, rather than on the subject matter Stress on activities and experiences, rather than on textbook reliance and memorization Absence of fear and punishment for disciplinary purposes Pragmatism
- 16. Progressivism Education should be life itself, not a preparation for living Learning should be directly related to the interests of the learner Real learning occurs through problem solving The teacher’s role is not to direct but to advise The school should encourage cooperation rather than competition Only democracy permits true personal growth
- 17. “Everything to help and nothing to hinder.” Francis W. Parker American EDUCATOR opposed to memorization and drilling practice interrelating subject matters adds meaning and clarification to the subject
- 18. John Frederick Dewey FATHER of Progressive Education coined the phrases “learning by doing”, ”the activity method”, “problem solving”, and “children's interests and needs”. CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORIST; Constructivists look at the way the learner learns: a learner learns best when he/she is actively engaged
- 19. William H. Kilpatrick America’s greatest teacher DEAN of American Education Dewey’s chief disciple “THE Project Method”
- 20. Principles natural student development Contact with the world student development student health PARENTal INVOLVEment school Research Practice and application Progressivism
- 21. Characteristics Emphasis on learning by doing – hands-on projects, expeditionary learning, experiential learning Integrated curriculum focused on thematic units Integration of ENTREPRENEURSHIP in to education Strong emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking Group work and development of social skills Understanding and action as the goals of learning as opposed to rote knowledge Collaborative and cooperative learning projects Progressivism
- 22. Characteristics Education for social responsibility and democracy Highly personalized education accounting for each individual's personal goals INTEGRATION of community service and service learning projects into the daily curriculum Selection of subject content by looking forward to ask what skills will be needed in future society De-emphasis on textbooks in favor of varied learning resources Emphasis on lifelong learning and social skills Assessment by evaluation of child’s projects and productions Progressivism
- 23. Aims •To meet the needs of a growing child, the school should be a pleasant place for learning. •To promote democratic and social living Progressivism
- 24. Types Humanistic Constructivism Montessori New Tech Progressivism
- 25. Curriculum Emphasis • Views teaching as more exploratory than explanatory • Considers teaching and learning as a process of reconstructing experience according to scientific method • Focuses on problem - solving Progressivism
- 26. Methods of Teaching • Group activities • Project method • Critical thinking • Problem solving • Decision making • Cooperative learning Progressivism
- 27. Classroom Management •Democratic and participatory •Self – directed Progressivism
- 28. The Teacher •Facilitator •Director of learning •Guide •Collaborative partner Progressivism
- 29. Legacy Inquiry or discovery learning Self paced instructional approaches Field trips Flexible scheduling OPEN CONCEPT classrooms Non-graded schools group activities SMALL School-based counseling Progressivism
- 30. Thank You! God Bless Us!