Pre production neil

Pre production neil

• 1.
  Financing The British Filminstitute helps film makers by offering grands they get their funding through the national lottery. The BFI is public and its unlike any other institute will offer grants to new/young film-makers, this is because as a first-time film maker it is very difficult to receive funding. Your completed film might not be good or very profitable which makes the BFI the best recommendation as they don’t rely on been success. As their funding come from people buying lottery tickets and basically sending their money to the BFI to use for loan and grants. Back in 2015 the BFI funded a film called the testament of youth which has a variety of well-known actors such as Game of Thrones Jon Snow Taron Egerton, Colin Morgan and Hayley Atwell and many more actors/actresses. This shows that the BFI funds some popular and well received films as Testament of Youth received a claim from critics. Public funding for films is funding that is provided from a public funded agency such as tax relief the national lottery or via grants provided to support the arts from the department of culture. The pros of using public funding is that it more reliable and its more likely to pay all the projects and perhaps having more money and being able ot fund more and larger projects in the future. The other type of funding is private funding. Private funding refers to funding accrued from investors therefore the film production often has to be seen as financially attractive such as the ability to make profit. Examples include equality financing which is having investors to contribute money to the production in exchange for a percentage ownership interest in the film. Another way of private money funding is called crowd funding. They collect small amounts of money trout small donations. However, you need to demonstrate that you are able to work in a realistic vocational context and you should explore the potential funding for your project as well as the potential costs, as both of these factors are critical to all creative media productions if they are to be viable. and produce the evening television news programmes must have all of the news items completed and ready for broadcast by the specified schedule time. The timescale and deadlines for your practical projects are likely to be less pressured, but you will still need to think carefully about the availability of your crew and equipment, the timings of the different stages of the production process and the final deadline for the project when you are undertaking your pre-production planning.
• 2.
  Time Scale • Timescales is the effective management of time which is essential to pre production cast and crew will often have other commitments in their schedules therefore the planning must be safely considered making sure that all the props are available for the certain date. • Deadlines are extremely important factor because without them many more problems could be create because of the of planning and sticking to deadlines. Another problem could be missing deadlines and also going over. Also this gives time for the appropriate equipment and correct mics which is a worthy investment if the film was to be successful and gain a big profit. • Another reason timescale are important is because sometimes the cast and crew have other commitments in their schedules therefore planning must carefully consider when all the required components are available. For example Jaws is a movie which went over time it took a lot longer for the preproduction to be made which also made it longer and more expensive to make jaws was one of the first major motion picture to be shot in ocean resulting in a troubled shot and went far over budget. The budget was originally 4million but the picture wound up costing 9million. • The timescale is an important factor for any media production and deadlines can often be very tight. A journalist working on a daily newspaper will have a very tight deadline to research and write a story for the next edition of the paper; the production team who plan
• 3.
  Facilities • Any creativemedia production will involve the use of production equipment and facilities to capture, record, edit and manipulate the raw material into the fi nished product. Moving image, audio and photographic products will need equipment and perhaps studios to record and capture the sounds and images that you require. Computer hardware and software is now at the heart of the production and post-production processes that are used to create all digital media products. Professional production companies will either use their own equipment and facilities or hire what they need for a specifi c production from facility houses. They might even outsource some of the work, such as postproduction special effects, to a specialist company.
• 4.
  Locations • In preproduction it is important to do research an appropriate areas locations to film scenes because certain locations require permission from the council to film. In certain times even if you don’t get permission you'll have to reschedule the date of the shooting. • Another reason it is important to do research on areas/locations to film is because you would have to ensure the locations that will fir your story and genre because there isn't much point in filming in a location that doesn't’t fit the story line. Health and safety is a very crucial to consider location scouting because you need to pick the safest location to film the scene you need for a film for example if you need to capture a fight scene you'll have to be careful with the hazards its about thinking how it can be safe out there.
• 5.
  Personnel • Specialist crewsare essential to filming certain scenes because if you are filming an action based film for example a car chase scene you would need a stunt coordinator and a stunt driver because they are trained well for scenes like that because without stun drivers and coordinators stunts like the Fast and furious 7 where the car goes trough the building. Also another example is if you were capturing a fight scene then you would have a fighting specialist come to the set on the day of filming to teach the actors the correct movement so it looks more realistic on camera. • Some crews can be standing cameras but other shots can be shoot in free hand especially in a fight scene if the camera is stationary it can get hit by the actor. • Sourcing the right personnel for a media production is another important aspect of the pre-production process and you will need to ensure that your production team is the right size for the job and that each member has the right balance of knowledge, skills and experience to undertake the specific role that is needed.
• 6.
  Additional Materials Storyboard areused to allow the director to visualize each scene and know how they want to capture it. This is important because it means that the director would know how it should sound and look as the idea of the actual film needs to get across somehow. Costume also a characters personality and should be considered because the character should wear costume appropriate to the genre of the film which will ensure the character doesn’t look miss placed within the movie. During the pre production it is important to remember that the scripts storyboards and the props are also important. For example scripts are important because they need to tell the actors what to do and what to say and when to say it on set. They are used in scene by the actors as they do need to remember their own lines otherwise unrecognized script can be very dangerous on set. Also the sound libraries are a mix of sound effects in a folder made by Foley that are used in the films and should be considered because it allows the editors to use different sound effects and it allows them to see what sounds better. All media products require raw material for the actual content and you can plan to gather and generate this raw material in various ways. Some will be original material that you are planning to produce yourself. Undertaking a series of test shoots or recordings can help you further develop your ideas during the pre-production stage, help you to decide what original material you will be able to include in your final product and what is the best way to get the effect that you want. For example, for a multimedia production project you might need some country sounds, so you would need to look for a suitable location to undertake the recording. After doing a test recording in a local park you might discover that the traffic noise is too loud and, through additional research, discover that you can use some copyright-free sound effects instead. You may also want to use some existing archive material, such as photographs or film footage, material from a sound or photographic library or sourced from the Internet, or some existing music or graphics. In all of these cases you will need to be aware of copyright. Copyright owners can choose to grant permission or license others to use their work, usually for a fee, while retaining ownership over the rights themselves. Like other forms of intellectual property, copyright can be bought and sold. When you are developing your ideas, think about the permissions that you will need to get before the production process can begin. This might include clearing rights, agreeing royalties or paying fees for copyright material that you are planning to include. You will need to write to the copyright holder and ask for permission to use the material. You will often have to make a payment for the right to use the material.
• 7.
  Codes of Practiceand regulations • It is important to obtain permissions regarding copyright material because if your film contains/uses a soundtrack of a mixture of popular songs and you don’t have permission off the artists to use them then you can be sued and lose a lot of money just for that one mistake using other artists peace’s. • Its also important to consider the Health and safety procedures they are important because within out them actors and crew there will be injuries and perhaps someone could die which is not good for the film popularity and if the film does not have insurance and someone dies then the film can be sued.
• 8.
  THE FORMATS FORPRE-PRODUCTION PROCESS • The first day of shooting on a movie set is never the first day that film is being produced. Days, and sometimes weeks, months, years, or—in the case of James Cameron’s “Avatar” or Terry Gilliam’s “The Man Who Killed Don Quixote”—decades can go by from the beginning of a film’s inception to when cameras just start rolling. The productionand subsequent post-production processes of a movie can be shorter, longer, or about the same, but neither can exist without pre-production—the work that goes into a film before any images are recorded. Pre-production, like the filmmaking as a process as a whole, is complicated and can be daunting for independent filmmakers. Here are nine stages—each with their own subdivisions of tasks and labor—that should be included in your pre-production process if you want to ensure a steady, fruitful film shoot from day one. • While movies are magical, they don’t come out of thin air. Even before the pre-production process starts, you need an idea, and often a fairly polished screenplay to work off of. But when it’s crunch time, you need to finalize that screenplays and convert it to a shooting script—one that reads for the director, cinematographer, and camera crew as well as it does for the actors. Tweaks and whole scenes may be edited, added, or deleted at anytime (sometimes even in post-production!) but for the most part your shooting script should be ready to shoot by the time the director first calls action. • Storyboards& shot lists go hand-in-hand with shooting scripts—creating a visual interpretation of the screenplay for the director and cinematographer to reference and prepare for. While some directors know exactly what they want in their hand and can draw it themselves, usually storyboard artists are hired to bring the story to life. Once a film is seen—even in black-and-white sketches—it comes alive in a way that the entire crew can see and gives them a concrete vision to strive for. • While some crew positions might already be attached or recommended for a project, and other positions, like your writer and storyboard artist, could be hired very early in the process—you should work to get the entire team rounded out before pre-production gets too involved. After all, these are the women & men who will be carrying out a lot of these tasks, and the sooner they are involved in the creative process, the more valuable their input will be. All of filmmaking is a collaboration—not just the shooting • Location scouting • You may need to tailor your storyboards to your location or vice-versa, so finding them early is key. Many hands-on producers & directors may want to do this themselves, but often the smartest thing to do is hire a professional location scout who already has locales in mind or knows how to find original ones perfect for your script. If you’re shooting in a studio or soundstage, you’ll want to find the right one early and make sure it’s not booked before you can lock it in—treat them as you would reception halls for your own wedding! Finding real world locations early is just as important because you’ll want enough time to process the necessary permits & paperwork. • Create a Budget and stick to it • By now you should be finalizing your budget, to make sure you can find the gear and afford the locations you want to use. Sometimes this is the professional thing to do; sometimes it’s the necessary thing to do because you’re not working with any credit or financial backers willing to give any more than they already promised. This is never the most fun part of pre-production, but very often it’s the most important. • Choose your equipment • Are you shooting digitally or going old school with some 16mm film? Or are you saving money and shooting the entire film on your iPhone? Once you have the answers to these questions you can acquire your gear—often from a rental house. After your first film you may establish a relationship with a particular rental house and can negotiate discounts and figure out just exactly what your budget will allow when it comes to peripheral equipment. Maybe you can afford that ultracool fog machine after all • Once you know what gear and locations you want, you’re going have to get into the paperwork—namely, permits and insurance. Permits are required from municipal governments to shoot on public property and location agreements are typically needed for use of private homes—especially if you’ll need to move furniture or equipment around or repaint the walls after the shoot, etc. You’ll also need insurance to protect yourself in the event you or one of your crew members accidentally do damage to the location or your rented film equipment. Finally you may need to cover your crew and cast as well—better safe than sorry
• 9.
  • The proposal.A proposal is essentially a pitch that you would make to investors to share your idea and hopefully persuade them to help fund and create your movie. Also the key element of a proposal is to show that you can create a quick synopsis of the film you want to make and it also shows the investors that you have considered the target audience you would like to reach. Proposals often contain a film synopsis, screenplay structure, characters and a target audience. These are important to consider because when you share your proposal you want the investors to invest into your movie because they believe they will make their money back because the movie will be • The Master Scene Script • A master scene script is the format required by the motion picture industry for modern screenplays before they are greenlit for production. An advantage of master scene scripts is that it gives producers a reader-friendly screenplay to show investors and it is also easier to visualize. It also offers a mix of description and dialogue to allow the reader to easily follow the story because the story is the most important thing, also technical information is limited within a master script scene (MSS) format. MSS is split into scene headings, narrative description and dialogue blocks. Some conventions of MSS are fonts are always in size 12 and footers at the bottom right of a page say (continue) only where a scene moves from one page to the next, the next page has (cont.) at the top left of the page. • Shooting script • Shooting scripts are scripts used during production to shoot a movie, they are formatted to include helpful information that the director may request. A shooting script is different from master scene scripts because it does include camera directions. In broad terms, the main difference between the MSS and the shooting script is that the MSS is a selling tool, whereas the shooting script is a production tool. Scene numbers are added- these remain constant through any revisions (which are printed on colored paper), techniques are included to help the crew shoot on set-these can include camera composition/movement, and editing. • Storyboarding Once a script is complete it is then converted into a storyboard. Storyboarding evaluates a screenplay and pictures it separates shots that can be visually translated into individual storyboard panels, this helps film directors and cinematography visualize the scenes and find potential problems before they occur. Storyboards also help estimate the cost of overall production and saves time in shooting. • Shooting Schedules • A shooting schedule is a breakdown of everything planned to shoot for each day of the shoot-organized into the most logical and efficient order to shoot. The director uses a Shooting schedules because they are essential for a smooth and efficient shoot (which cuts down on time, budget and allows plenty of coverage to be shot). They are important because it is a schedule for the entire shoot, focusing on scenes and days which allows the crew and director to be time effective and not waste time. • Other paper work • The types of paperwork that may be used to collect together key information are: location release forms (to formalize permissions to use locations owned by other people), location scouting templates (to collect relevant information about shooting locations), risk assessments (to collect relevant information about potential risks relating to shooting), sound templates (to chart where sound may be used) and copyright clearance to collect any rights issues that have been actioned. Formats of preproduction 2.0
• 10.
  Proposal • A proposalis essentially a pitch that you would make to investors to share your idea and hopefully persuade them to help fund and create your own movie. Another good thing about proposal its that shows that you can make your own synopsizes quick. Proposals often contain a film synopsis screenplay structure characters and a target audience. These are important to consider because when you share your proposal you want the investors to invest into your movie because they believe they will make their money back because the movie will be successful.
• 11.
  Master Scene Script •A master scene script is the format that is required by the motion picture industry for modern screenplays before they go greenlit for production. An advantage of master scenes and scripts is that it gives producers a reader friendly screenplay to show investors and it is also easier to visualize .It also offers a mix of description and dialogue to allow the reader to easily follow the story because the story is the most important thing, also technical information is limited within a master script scene. • Some conventions of MSS are fonts are always in size 12 and footers at the bottom right of a page have numbers on the top left the page. • The master scene format has six main elements and well touch on them very briefly • Scene Heading • Action • Character Name • Parentheticals • Dialogue • Transitions Example
• 12.
  Shooting script • Shootingscript are scripts used during production to shoot a movie they are formatted to include helpful information that the director might request. • A shooting script is different from master scene script because it does include camera directions from master scene scripts because it does include camera directions. In the broad terms the main difference between the MSS and the shooting script is the MSS is a selling too whereas the shooting The shooting script is like the carpents blueprint and pilots flight plan is essential to you as a photojournalist. It enables you to visualize the entire picture of the story before you start taking pictures. • The importance of a shooting script is shooting a picture story without a positive concept and plan of what are trying to say is, at best, a gamble. Remember, the shooting script is a blueprint or guide from from which you will build your story.
• 13.
  Storyboarding • Once thescript is completed then its converted into a storyboard. Storyboarding evaluates a screenplay and pictures it separates shots that can be visually translated into a single individual storyboard panel. • This helps film directors and cinematographers visual the scenes and find potential problems before they occur. Another thing that storyboarding is good for is too help the producer and the director as well to find out and estimate how much the production will cost all together and also it saves them wasting time shooting for nothing. • The story board is very important part of the pre production proses because it clearly conveys how the story will flow as you can see how your shots work together it also allows you to see potential problems that would not go unnoticed ultimately saving you time and money.
• 14.
  Shooting Schedules • Ashooting schedules is a breakdown of everything planned to shot for each day and each angle,shot,clip,movement into the most logical order so it doesn’t create confusion. The director uses a shooting schedules because they are essential for a smooth and efficient shoot which in a way cuts down unnecessary bills. Its also important because it’s a schedule for every little move for the entire project.
• 15.
  The purpose ofpreproduction • The age rating of the film should be considered with the target age demographic as if your film has too high a rating for its intended demographic it has less of a chance of being seen by its target audience and as a result it will not take in as much as the box office. • When pre production is effective the film is produced efficiently with minimal to no conflict or problems. The BBFC is the Uk’s regulator of film and video providing age ratings to film material and they are a designed body as such have legal powers to rate and sometimes cut or even reject work. All their decisions are based on public consultation and our guidelines which from a contract between the public and the film industry and the BBFC. Film productions will have target audience distribution platforms in mind therefore careful pre production decisions may be influenced by target audiences and certificate requirements • Pre-production is vital to all members of the crew. It ensures that the entire crew knows exactly what’s going on. If they need to know why we’re shooting in a certain way, or why we’re shooting in a certain place, they can see the entire process that we’ve gone through in order to get to where we are. Pre-Production is also very important if you are working for a client. When working for a client it is important to show them exactly where you are in your work and where you are heading in order to give them feedback. Pre- production will help with the overall quality of the production by organising it. • Brainstorming – Brainstorming is the process of drawing up and expanding on initial ideas. If this stage of the pre-production is not documented then it will be very difficult to have any ideas to fall back on incase your original idea falls through. It is important to jot down any and all ideas at this stage even if they clearly will not work. There may be certain elements of an idea that you can revisit and add into your project. When Brianstorming for my Music Video • Research (Primary and Secondary) – In this part of the pre-production, your mission is to make sure all parts of your video product are accurate. Primary research is research that you collect yourself. This may be a questionnaire, or a focus group. Secondary research is research that has already been collected by someone else. This could be published statistics, texts or personal documents. It could be argued that this is the most important part of the entire process as if your research is solid, there will not many questions that will be asked laster on in the process. • Proposal-Pitch(Synopsis) – This is also one of the crucial stages of pre-production. If your idea does not pass this stage then you must review and revise your idea. For a proposal you usually must create a treatment (A small page of information going into detail on what it is that you are creating and how you are going to be creating it) as well as a synopsis (A small paragraph outlining what it is that you are creating.) Here is an example of a pitch: • Well organised pre production is necessary for any film to be produced correctly. If not planned well then the film might suffered from a myriad of different problems such as health and safety incidents or accidental copyright infringement due to the negligence of the director and studio. Problems like these can be solved but require time and money and as a result the budget of the film will be increased and production time will drag making it so that the film gets delayed or even cancelled. Assessing these pre production procedures is important usually this is done through the practise of compliance audits which are carried out to ensure that everyone and everything involved in the production Is compliant to the guidelines set by the law and the organisations involved
• 16.
  Function of Preproduction • The function of pre production are important because feedback can be given at the time so any unwanted actions can be adjust for good. • Storyboards also help the director visualize what each scene will and should look like after its been shot this kind of helps and saves time it makes shooting easier and smoother for the cast to work with and so as the editors also the director would know what he wants to see and wouldn't want to retake the same scene 50x times. Another reason the function of pre production is important is because location scouting helps find effective for the story places to film. This is good because it can decrease time loss because if the locations are been scouted before hand the director would have to spend less time looking for them which means more time shooting the movie. And also another good thing about the director knowing what he is doing with the locations to because he would already have visualise what the scene would look like in this certain place • A well planned pre production can encourage collaboration for the film itself popular films tend to collaborate with famous, well known artists to sing their soundtrack because it will bring a large target audience to the film
• 17.
  Other paperwork • Otherforms of paperwork used for pre production including • Location scouting templates used to report information on various potential shooting locations. • Risk Assessments used for assessing the health and safety risks of areas and items to prevent any sort of hazards . • Copyright Clearance ensuring that all copyright holders will allow for certain copyrighted materials to be used • Sound template's showing where sound is used in different areas • Location release forms the necessary permissions for shooting on privately owned locations.
• 18.
  The Function ofPre production • The functions of pre-production are important because feedback can be given on a script which means there is time to improve/develop the script to make it better and more intriguing for the audience it is aimed at. Furthermore, storyboards help the director visualize what each scene will/should look like and this helps save time and makes shooting easier because the director will know what they want to see so they won’t be trying new takes on scenes because the director will have an idea in their head that they want to capture and put into the movie. • Another reason the function of pre-production is important is because location scouting helps discover effective places to film which will help the director achieve his goals. This can decrease time loss because if locations have been scouted and fit the scenery the director is looking for then less time is spent filming at several locations. shooting schedules help make the shooting flow more smoothly because the director will have already envisioned how they want the shot too look which will save time and save money because less time will be needed hiring the equipment needed to shoot scenes. • A well planned pre-production can also encourage collaborations for the film. For example, popular films tend to collaborate with famous, well-known artists to sing their soundtrack because it will bring a large target audience to the film.
• 19.
  The Purpose ofpre production • As well as assisting in the success of a project, a robust pre-production has some specific practical purposes relating to legal and ethical responsibility. One of the reasons that media companies undertake pre-production work is to make sure that what they are planning to produce adheres to the relevant codes of practice, laws and regulations that govern and control their industry. • The legal issues media companies need to undertake are to ensure: health and safety procedures and paperwork are in place, permissions are in place for the use of copyrighted material, privately owned locations and permissions in place in the form of contracts for those appearing in work. Public liability is another legal requirement for companies who are involved in media productions, particularly when they are recording in public spaces where the public may be at risk to the production activities. Another legal issue that needs to be addressed is street filming because permissions must be sought and approved for filming in public spaces, and filming licenses must be obtained and checked correctly as there isn’t time for mistakes. • An advantage of pre-production allows for there to be less time consumption and less budget wasted because with shooting schedules and storyboards it allows the director to already see what he or she wants in a shot so it means less time and money is wasted shooting a scene multiple times. Also it means feedback can be given on how certain shots should look which means improvement can occur before shooting takes place meaning less time is wasted improving scenes on the day of shooting. The BBFC is the UK’s regulator of film and video, providing age ratings to film material and they are a designated body and as such have legal powers to rate and sometimes cut or even reject work. • All their decisions are based on public consultation and our guidelines, which form a contract between the public, the film industry and the BBFC. Film productions will have target audience’s/distribution platforms in mind, therefore careful pre-production decisions may be influenced by target audience’s/certificate requirements.