The document outlines techniques for meat preparation and cooking, detailing various types of meats and their anatomical divisions, as well as nutritional content. It provides insights on cooking methods, including dry and moist heat techniques, and emphasizes the importance of proper seasoning, marinating, and presentation for optimal flavor and appearance. Additionally, it discusses factors influencing cooking methods based on cuts of meat and fat content.
Overview of meat types (beef, pork, lamb), their primal cuts, and basic preparation methods.
Entrees classification, understanding the doneness levels in meat: rare, medium, and well done.
Discusses composition of meat, primary cuts, and nutritional aspects including proteins and vitamins.
Importance of marinades, guidelines for marinating, and effects of heat on tenderizing meat.
Differentiates between dry heat and moist heat cooking methods, including their specific techniques.
Best practices and principles for plating meat dishes attractively, enhancing visual appeal.Various preservation techniques like drying, salting, and refrigeration, and evaluating meat quality.
Hygienic practices for storing meat and a practical task for preparing and presenting meat dishes.
Concluding with references and gratitude for engagement.
Objectives:
Apply thedifferent techniques in meat preparation.
Present Meat dishes hygienically and select suitable
plate according to standard in serving meat dishes.
Store Meat in accordance with FIFO operating
procedures and meat storage requirements.
3.
Meat is aterm for the flesh of cattle (beef and veal), sheep (lamb) and pigs (pork). Meat comprises water,
protein, fat, and various amounts of minerals and vitamins.
Beef is divided into large sections called primal cuts. These beef primal cuts or “primal” are then broken
down further into individual steak and other retail cuts. A “side” of beef is literally one side of the beef carcass that
is split through the backbone. Each side is then halved between the 12th and 13th ribs into sections called the
forequarter and hindquarter.
Pork is divided into large sections called primal cuts. These primal cuts are then broken down further into
individual retail cuts.
Pork is another choice, as far as meat types are concerned. Pork is derived from pig and is classified as red
meat. However, this meat is less fatty than beef.
Beef is very popular and is used across the globe. This meat is obtained from cow and is one of the much
sought-after types of red meat.
Sheep meat is also a staple food in some parts of the world and is consumed in many regions. Sheep meat
is otherwise known as mutton (meat of mature sheep) or lamb (immature sheep) also classified as red meat.
Meat
4.
Composition of Meat
1.Water – 70% of muscle tissue
2. Protein – 20% of muscle tissue. Protein
coagulates when it is heated. It becomes firmer
and loses moisture. When protein has coagulated
to the desired degree, the meat is said to be done.
3. Fat – 5% of the muscle tissue. The fat in meat
contributes to:
A. Juiciness
Marbling is fat that is deposited within the muscle
tissue. Surface fats protect the meat from drying
out during cooking. Adding surface fat is called barding.
B. Tenderness
Marbling separates muscle fibers, making meat easier to
chew.
C. Flavor
Fat is the main source of flavor in meat.
4. Carbohydrates – it plays a necessary part in the
complex reaction, called the maillard reaction, which takes
place when meats are browned by roasting, broiling or
sautéing. Without carbohydrates, desirable flavor
appearance of browned meats would not be achieved.
5.
Structure of Meat
1.Muscle fibers
Lean meat is composed of long, thin muscle fibers bound together in bundles. These determine the texture or
grain of a piece of meat.
• Fine – grained meat is composed of small fibers bound in small fibers.
• Course – textured meat has large fibers.
2. Connective tissue
These are network of proteins that bind the muscle fibers together. Connective tissue is tough. Meats are high in
connective tissue if the muscles are more exercised like meat from legs and the meat comes from older animals.
Two Kinds of Connective Tissue
1. Collagen
• white connective tissue that dissolves or breaks down by long, slow cooking with liquid. Moist-heat
cooking methods at low temperature are not effective for turning a meat high in connective tissue into a
tender, juicy finished product. Acid helps dissolve collagen.
2. Elastin
• yellow connective tissue and is not broken down in cooking. Tenderizing can be accomplished only by
removing the elastin, by pounding and by slicing and grinding.
6.
Basic Preparation ofMeat
1. Skinning
-is the act of skin removal. The process is done with animals, mainly to prepare the muscle
tissue beneath for consumption or for use of the fur or tanning of the skin. Most of the meat you dealt
with has been already skinned by the supplier.
2. Dicing
Meat are diced when it is cut into cubes for various types of casseroles, stems, curries, and dishes
such as steak, kidney pie and pudding.
3. Trimming
Reasons for trimming:
a. Improve the appearance of the cut or joint
b. Leave as much of the meat intact as possible.
c. Leave an even thickness of fat (where fat is to be left). How much fat you trim off will depend on the
type of meat, preference, and the cooking process to be used.
d. Remove as much gristles and sinews as possible.
7.
Basic Preparation ofMeat
4. Slicing
It is the cutting of meat by determining the direction of the grain (the muscle fibers) and cut across the
grain. This is particularly important with tougher cuts such as steak, in which the grain is also obvious.
You slice meat with―instead of against―the grain.
5. Seasoning
It is the addition of salt and white or black pepper to improve the flavor of food.
a. Use white pepper or cayenne pepper on food which you want to keep attractive with white color.
b. Add salt to roast and grill after the meat has browned. Adding salt before cooking will extract the
juices of the meat to the surface and slows down the browning reactions (which need high
temperature and dry heat).
6. Coating
The two basic coatings are:
a. Flour – coat the meat before cooking, otherwise the flour becomes sticky and unpleasant.
b. Breadcrumbs – coat the meat in flour, then egg wash (egg wash is made of lightly beaten whole egg
with a little water/milk) and finally with the breadcrumbs.
8.
Different kinds ofmeat and its source
1. Pork – meat from
domesticated pigs, typically
high in fat, commonly
slaughtered one year or less
of age to ensure tender cuts.
2. Beef -meat from cattle
over one year old.
3. Lamb – meats of
domesticated sheep. Its
texture is a direct result of
what it consumes and the age
at which it is slaughtered.
4. Carabeef – meat from
carabao
5. Chevon – meat from
deer/goat.
6. Veal – flesh of a
young calf, 4-5 months
old. It is considered as
the finest meat because
of its age.
9.
Cook Meat Cuts
Inthe classical menu, the term entrée refers to the courses after the
Grosse piece. Basically, entrees are divided into cold entrees and hot
entrees. Today, however, the entrees are usually served as the main dish
with suitable vegetable and salad garnishes. Both hot and cold entrees are
frequently described as simple dishes on the menu, where they appear in
various categories, such as hot snacks garnishes for main dishes and
specialties of the day. The main difference between main grosses piece is
that the entries are cut up before being cooked. They do not require the
same methods of preparation as the grosses pieces which are prepared in
single large pieces. It is, therefore, not possible to group the two types of
dishes in the same category
10.
1. Rare –when pressed with a finger, the meat is very soft with jelly like texture.
2. Medium Rare – when pressed with a finger, meat feels springy and resistant
3. Medium – when pressed with a finger, meat feels firm and there is a definite resistance.
4. Well Done – when pressed with a finger the meat feels hard and rough.
Four kinds of doneness in meat:
11.
Meat consists ofwater protein and fat, with a few minerals and some B vitamins.
1. Protein – High-quality protein is the major constituent of meat after water, accounting for about 20
percent of its weight. Meat contains 7 grams of protein per ounce.
2. Fat – content can vary widely, according to the grade of meat and its cut.
3. Carbohydrates – Meat contains very little carbohydrates. Glycogen, found in liver and muscle
tissue, is present when the animal is alive, but the glucose that makes up the glycogen is broken down
to lactic acid during and after slaughter.
4. Vitamins – Meat is an excellent source of certain B vitamins – thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine
(B6), cobalamin (B12), niacin (B3) and some folate. Niacin is obtained from tryptophan, an amino acid
plentiful in meats and milk.
5. Minerals – Meat is an excellent source of iron, zinc, copper, phosphorous, and a few other trace
minerals.
Nutrient Content of Meat
1. Fresh meat – meat that is recently slaughtered, has not been preserved frozen
2. Chilled meat – meat that is placed in chiller or slightly cold
3. Cured meat – meat preserved by salting, smoking or aging
4. Processed meat –meat preserved by chemical process
Market Forms of Meat
Good marinade willadd flavor to your favorite meat and make it more tender and juicier. Making
a marinade is very simple. All you need are three basic components. The first is an acid, such as
lemon juice, vinegar, yogurt, or wine. The acid is important as it breaks down the meat and
tenderizes it. The second is oil. This protects and preserves the food while marinated and when it’s
being cooked. The third is any herb and/or spice. This is what gives a marinade its unique flavor
and zest.
Here are some general guidelines for marinating:
• Meat and poultry are generally marinated for 2 hours up to 2 days.
• Seafood and fish should be marinated for no longer than one hour.
• Use a non-reactive container - steer clear of aluminum, copper, or cast iron.
• Wait for your marinade to cool down before pouring over the meat of your choice.
• Always refrigerate your meat while it’s marinating.
• Never reuse marinades!
Marinades
17.
Pineapple Marinade
This sweet,fruity marinade works great on any cut of pork or chicken giving it a great Hawaiian Teriyaki flavor. Try
this marinade when you are simply placing cut strips of pork or chicken over rice. You can make extra marinade to
use as a sauce if you keep it separate from the meat.
Pork Chop Marinade
This is a great Asian style marinade that works well on all cuts of pork, particularly pork chops, reminiscent of a
Teriyaki marinade with a hint of heat from the chili sauce. You can, if you like, heat this up with some extra chili
sauce.
Pork Rib Marinade
This marinade uses a pork rub for the seasoning with vinegar and water to turn it into a marinade.
Teriyaki Marinade
This teriyaki marinade works particularly well with pork and poultry and gives it a sweet salty taste.
Mustard-Vinegar Marinade
This is a simple mustard marinade that tenderizes and adds flavor. It works well on pork or poultry.
Examples of Marinades
Source: http://bbq.about.com/od/marinaderecipes/tp/Top-10-Pork-Marinade-Recipes.htm
18.
Effects of Heaton Meat
1. It tenderizes
connective
tissue if moisture
is present and
cooking is slow.
2. It coagulates protein.
Even meats low in
connective tissue
can be tough and dry if
cooked at excessively
high heats for too
long.
3. High heat toughens and
shrinks protein and results in
excessive moisture lost.
4. Roasts cooked at low
temperature shrink less and
loss less moisture.
5. Moist heat penetrates meat
quickly. To avoid over cooking,
meat should be simmered,
never boiled.
19.
Methods of CookingMeat
1. Dry Heat Cooking
Dry heat cooking refers to any cooking technique where the heat is transferred to the food item without
using any moisture. Dry-heat cooking typically involves high heat, with temperatures of 300°F or hotter.
Baking or roasting in an oven is a dry heat method because it uses hot air to conduct the heat. Pan-
searing a steak is considered dry-heat cooking because the heat transfer takes place through the hot metal of
the pan.
Note: The browning of food (including the process by which meat is browned, called the Maillard
reaction) can only be achieved through dry-heat cooking. Examples of dry-heat methods include: Roasting
and baking, grilling and broiling, sautéing
2. Moist heat cooking
Moist heat cooking methods include any technique that involves cooking with moisture — whether it’s
steam, water, stock, wine or some other liquid. Cooking temperatures are much lower, anywhere from
140°F to a maximum of212°F, because water doesn’t get any hotter than that. Examples of moist-heat
Cooking methods include: Simmering, boiling, steaming, braising and stewing
20.
Dry Heat Cooking
Roastingand Baking
Roasting and baking are forms of dry heat cooking that use hot, dry air to cook food.
Like other dry-heat cooking methods, roasting and baking brown the surface of the food,
which in turn develops complex flavors and aromas. Both words describe a method of
cooking an item by enveloping it in hot, dry air, generally inside an oven and
at temperatures of at least 300°F and often much hotter. A convection oven, which
circulates hot air throughout the oven, can enhance the browning reaction.
Grilling and Broiling
Grilling and broiling are dry-heat cooking methods that rely on heat being
conducted through the air from an open flame. This type of cooking produces browning
reactions on the surface of the food, thus encouraging the development of complex
flavors and aromas. Grilling cooks hot and fast, because air is a poor conductor of
heat. Broiling and grilling require the food to be quite close to the heat source, which in
this case, is likely to be an open flame.
Source: http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/dryheatcooking/a/grilling.htm
21.
Dry Heat Cooking
Sautéingand Pan-Frying
Sautéing is a form of dry-heat cooking that uses a very hot pan and a
small amount of fat to cook the food very quickly. Like other dry-heat cooking
methods, sautéing browns the food’s surface as it cooks and develops
complex flavors and aromas.
Sautéing requires a very hot pan. When sautéing, it’s important to heat
the pan for a minute, then add a small amount of fat and let it gets hot as well,
before adding the food to the pan. This hot fat helps brown the surface of the
food. Another key is to avoid overloading or overcrowding the pan.
Deep-Frying
Since deep-frying involves submerging food in hot, liquid fat, it might take
some time to get used to the idea that is a form of dry-heat cooking. But if
you’ve ever seen the violent reaction of hot oil to even a tiny drop of water,
you know that oil and water are a couple of opposites that has nothing to do
with each other.
22.
Moist Heat Cooking
Simmering
Withsimmering, the cooking liquid is a bit hotter than poaching from 180°F to
205°F. Here we will see bubbles forming and gently rising to the surface of the water,
but the water still isn’t at a full rolling boil. Because it surrounds the food in water that
maintains a constant temperature, simmering food cooks very evenly. It’s an excellent
choice for culinary preparations including stocks or soups, starchy items such as
potatoes or pastas, and many others.
Boiling
The hottest of these three stages is boiling, where the water reaches its
highest possible temperature of 212°F. It’s the least likely of the three to
be used for cooking. That’s because the violent agitation caused by the rolling boil
can be too rough on food and will often damage it. Water at a full boil would be a
bad choice for cooking an egg outside its shell, as we do when preparing poached
eggs, because the agitation would cause the egg to fall apart. The same holds true
for delicate fish as well as some pastas.
23.
Moist Heat Cooking
Steaming
Steamingis a moist-heat cooking technique that employs hot steam to
conduct the heat to the food item.
Steaming can be done on a stovetop, with a pot containing a small amount of
liquid that is brought to a simmer. The item to be cooked is then placed in a
basket suspended above the liquid and the pot covered.
Braising and Stewing
Braising is a form of moist-heat cooking in which the item to be cooked is
partially covered with liquid and then simmered slowly at a low temperature. Though
it can be done on the stovetop, braising is best done in the oven, because the heat
fully surrounds the pot and causes the food to cook more evenly than if it were only
heated from below.
Begin by Searing
Because moist heat does not permit the various browning reactions that
dry heat produces, giving cooked meats the brown, outer crust that also helps to
develop complex flavors and aromas, it’s customary to sear meat in a pan with a
small amount of hot fat before braising it. This step helps to develop flavors as well
as making the meat more appealing visually.
24.
How Braising Works?
Braisingis a good choice of cooking method for cuts of meat that are tougher or from older animals. The
connective tissues that are more prevalent in cuts like this, and which can make meats tough and chewy when
improperly cooked, are slowly dissolved through long, slow application of moist heat. So, you end up with a
tender piece of meat.
Factors Affecting Choice of Cooking Methods in Meat
1. Cuts of meat
• Tender cuts like ribs and loin cuts are used for roasting, broiling and grilling
• Less tender cuts from leg or round are used for braising
• Tougher cuts from chuck or shoulder are usually braced
• Least tender cuts from shanks, breast, brisket, and flank are cooked by moist heat.
• Ground meat and cubed usually made from trimmings can be cooked by dry heat or moist heat.
2. Fat content
• Meats high in fat are cooked without added fat, such as roasting or broiling
• Meats low in fat are often cooked with added fat to prevent dryness, like sautéing, pan frying or braising.
3. Desired quality
• Tenderness is not the only goal of cooking. Flavor and appearance is also one of the objectives to
get the desired quality.
Basic Principles ofPlatter Presentation
1. Presentation must have three elements:
• Centerpiece may be an uncut portion of the main food item.
• Slices or serving portions of the main food item, arrange artistically.
• Garnish, arranged artistically in proportion to the cut slices.
2. The food should be easy to handle and serve, so one portion can be removed
without ruining the arrangement.
3. Simple arrangements are easier to serve, and more likely to be still attractive
when they are half demolished by the guests.
4. Attractive platter are made of metals, mirrors, china, plastic or woods,
presentable and suitable for use with food.
5. It must look attractive and appropriate not only by itself, but among other
presentations on the table.
27.
How to PresentFood on a Plate
When you’re plating food, the goal is to create a dining experience that tempts all the senses, not just the
palate. When food looks appetizing the body produces more fluids that aid in nutrient absorption - so you
might even say that beautiful food is more wholesome than food that doesn’t look appealing.
To achieve restaurant-quality presentation, start with brightly-colored, well-cooked food. Layer the food
and play with contrasting colors and textures to increase its visual appeal.
Tips in presenting food on a plate.
Avoid a monochromatic color scheme.
• A plate of food looks most appealing when
there’s a high level of contrast in colors.
Bring out vegetables’ brightest colors.
• The way you cook vegetables has a lot of bearing on the
overall visual effect of a meal.
Sear your meat and let it rest.
to searing your meat, you
should let it rest for several minutes before cutting it. This allows the juices to
absorb back into the meat, so that they don’t end up running all over the plate.
28.
How to PresentFood on a Plate
Tips in presenting food on a plate.
Cook fried foods carefully.
• Cook fried foods until they’re golden brown, then let them drain on a plate lined with paper towels to
absorb the extra oil.
• Fried foods often continue browning a bit after they’ve been removed from the hot oil.
Take texture into account.
• Texture and color go hand in hand when it comes to how appetizing food looks on the plate.
• Once the food is on the plate, a spritz of oil or water can improve its visual appeal if it looks too dry.
Experiment with interesting shapes.
• Cutting vegetables in interesting shapes can make the simple become special.
Plating it with Care
• When in doubt, choose white plates. White plates don’t compete visually with the food you’re serving.
Visualize the finished plate.
• Consider how to present the main portion in relation to the side dishes.
Limit portion sizes.
• Only fill about two thirds of each plate with food. The rest of the plate should be left empty.
29.
How to PresentFood on a Plate
Tips in presenting food on a plate.
Follow the rule of odds.
• Having an odd number of elements on a dish is more visually appealing than having an even number.
Play with different textures
• Creating a texture contrast is a good way to draw the eye.
Layer foods to add height.
• It’s common to see food layering in restaurants, but home cooks don’t usually try it.
•Aim to make the food look bigger not smaller.
Use sauce wisely
• If you’re serving a curry, stew or soupy casserole, drain the food of its sauce before serving, the pour
on just right amount when you plate the dish.
Keep up with food styling trends.
• Remember that styles change even within the space of a few years or even months; keep up-to-date by
checking out cooking magazines, cooking or foodie websites and cooking shows for current ideas.
30.
How to PresentFood on a Plate
Tips in presenting food on a plate.
Add appetizing touches
• Use garnishes that enhance the flavor of the meal. No matter what you’re serving, make sure the garnish
makes the dish better instead of just cluttering up the plate.
Employ drizzles and swirls.
• Another way to finish food is with a drizzle or swirl of a concentrated sauce or liquid.
Make sure the plate is clean
• Examine the edges of the plate for fingerprints and smudges.
31.
THE 5 BASICELEMENTS OF PLATING
Create a Framework
Start with drawings and sketches to visualize the plate. Find inspiration from a picture or
object. Assemble a ‘practice’ plate to work on executing your vision.
Keep It Simple
Select one ingredient to focus on and use space to simplify the presentation. Clutter distracts
from the main elements of your dish that might confuse the diners on what to focus on.
Balance the Dish
Play with colors, shapes, and textures to ensure diners are not overwhelmed, the presentation
should never overpower flavor and function.
Get the Right Portion Size
Ensure that there is the right amount of ingredients and the plate complements the dish, not
too big or too small. Strike the right proportion of protein, carbohydrates and vegetables to
create a nutritionally balanced meal.
Highlight the Key Ingredient
Ensure that the main ingredient stands out and pay equal attention to the support’. This refers
to the other elements on the plate such as garnishes, sauces and even the plate itself.
32.
Methods of PreservingMeat
A. Drying – This is the most common method of preserving meat. Drying involves the reduction of the original
70% of water content of the meat to about 15%. The removal of the moisture content does three things, namely:
• Enzymatic changes are retarded;
• Growth of microorganisms is much hampered
• Microbes lose water and become inert.
Ways of Drying Meat
1. Natural sun drying – Natural sunlight is used to reduce the amount of moisture content of meat.
2. Dehydration or artificial drying – Oven is used for drying the meat. Although this is more
expensive than sun drying, dehydration is a more efficient method of removing moisture from meat.
B. Smoking – Meat is smoked to create a distinctive color and flavor, thus helping its preservation. The flavor,
color, and attractive glaze on the surface of the meat is desired like in ham, bacon, and tinapa. The heat
generated during smoking destroys the enzymes and dries the product artificially, thus preventing the growth
of molds and vegetative bacteria on the surface.
• Cold Smoking is held between 26 to 43ºC and the products are smoked over a period of days or
weeks. The products thus pick up a strong smoked flavor and are dehydrated as well.
• Hot Smoking – The temperature is higher, from 71 to 79ºC.The high temperature speed up the drying
process, giving the product a mild smoked flavor.
C. Salting – Salt improves the keeping quality of meat. It removes the water from the tissue of the meat and the
cells of spoilage organisms that may be present in the meat.
33.
Methods of PreservingMeat
D. Curing – In this method, salt, sugar, potassium or sodium nitrate, and other curing elements such as
ascorbic acid, phosphate blend, and spices are used to prolong the keeping quality of meat. Curing agents
also help improve the flavor and appearance of meat and retain its original color. Sugar minimizes
the hardness of the straight cure process. It also makes the product more appetizing and provides energy to
the nitrate-reducing bacteria which gives the red color. Spices give the desired flavor and aroma.
E. Refrigerating – Meat is stored at a temperature range of 2 to 10ºC to retard mold and bacterial growth for
a limited period.
F. Freezing –Freezing (10ºC and Below) deactivates enzymes and bacteria. Meat can be preserved for two
months to one year using this method.
G. Canning – Meat preserved by canning is packed in sealed cans or jars which are subjected to a
temperature of 100ºC and above 5-7 kilo pressured for a specific period. This process destroys the organism
that causes spoilage. It maintains the high quality of meat product and extends its life for about a year.
H. Freeze Drying –It involves the removal of moisture from the meat tissues by transforming the moisture
content into ice and gas. The product to be dried is first frozen and the ice is sublimed from the frozen mass,
removing 98% of the water content. The remaining moisture is further reduced to 0.5% or lower by subjecting
the product to high temperature as possible without destroying it. The texture, appearance, flavor, and
nutritive value of freeze-dried products are comparable to frozen foods. The products have a long shelf life
and require no refrigeration. This method needs special equipment such as modern freeze dryer
34.
Evaluating the Qualityof Preserved Meat Products
Good quality pork has less than 1 ¼ cm of golden-brown fat that covers the surface of the meat
and a thoroughly cooked interior where meat has even pinkish color. It has also a juicy and tender
texture, a pleasing aroma and a tender seasoned and pleasing taste with a slight hint of smoky flavor.
Sausages of good quality are uniform in size and length. Each sausage in a whole piece has no
rupture of casing even when pricked. The interior has a pinkish color when thoroughly cooked. A
combination of juicy meat with spicy seasoning marks their flavor.
Proper Storage of Preserved Meat
Many processed items prepared for future use may be stored in the freezer. These should be
wrapped in plastic or foil to prevent the occurrence of freezer burn and avoid having a pulpy texture
that comes from loss of moisture. Each item should be labeled with the name of the product, date
of expiry, and quantity.
Processed food held in storage should be well-covered or wrapped to keep them from
absorbing odors and flavors from other foods. They should be held below danger zone
temperatures. (Bacteria grow most rapidly in the range of temperatures between 40 °F and 140 °F)
36.
Proper Hygienic Practicesin Storing
Meat Products
To achieve high standards of sanitation, the following measures should be strictly observed:
1. See to it that physical equipment and layout are conducive to sanitary practices.
2. Handle, store, and refrigerate food properly to prevent spoilage and contamination.
3. Safeguard the food during distribution and service.
4. Wash and sanitize dishes, glasses, utensils, and equipment.
5. Clean floors walls, ceilings, counters, tables, and chairs regularly.
6. Eliminate vermin and rodents from food areas.
7. Maintain adequate employer supervision and a constant program of education in
sanitation for food service workers.
8. Make sure that food service employees are in good health and are not carriers of
communicable diseases. The three principal groups of communicable diseases that must
be guarded against in public feeding operations are respiratory, intestinal, and skin
diseases. Require medical examinations for food service employees.
9. Provide a regular employee education on food service sanitation.
37.
Techniques in StoringMeat
Safe Storage
• Meat is among the most perishable foods. This perishable ability makes it a potentially hazardous food.
At ambient temperatures, meat spoils so fast. It is therefore necessary to keep it in chilled storage.
Storing
• Take time to store the food items. Store new purchases behind old ones and always use the old stock first.
First in-First Out (FIFO System)
• Never use the area under the sink for storing food because openings around water and drainpipes are
impossible to seal.
• If you reuse glass jars, wash them thoroughly, wipe, and air-dry before using.
1. Refrigerator storage
• A refrigerator provides cold temperature for storing perishable foods such as dairy products,
meat, fish, poultry, eggs, fruits, and vegetables.
2. Freezer storage
• For proper freezing and storage, the temperature inside the freezer should be 18ºC or lower.
Sanitation is the best preventive measure against food-borne diseases. Sanitation means keeping
bacteria out of food through personal hygiene and proper handling procedures. It also means keeping
the food at proper temperatures so bacteria already present do not have much chance to multiply.
38.
Let’s Do It!
Prepareand Cook Meat
Prepare and Present your favorite meat dish. Demonstrate the cooking method required for your
recipe and show the five basic elements of plating meat dishes on your plate presentation. Please take
a video while performing the task and send it to my messenger account.
Your output will be evaluated using a performance score sheet.
Highest
Score Criteria