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presentation on mobile cranes
Cranes are used to lift and lower materials in construction and manufacturing. They can be mounted on vehicles or structures. Operators control the crane and communicate with workers through signals. The largest revolving cranes are found on ships. Common types include mobile, overhead, gantry and tower cranes. Unstable loads, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major causes of crane accidents that can injure operators or others in the area. Regular inspections by a competent person help ensure cranes are safe to use.
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presentation on mobile cranes
- 1. C R AN E S
- 2. INTRODUCTION A craneis a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose-built vehicle. Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton pendant control station, or by infrared or radio control. Where a cab operator is employed, workers on the ground will communicate with the operator through a system of standardized hand-signals or, in larger installations, radio systems; an experienced crew can position loads with great precision using only these signals. The largest revolving cranes in the world can be found on crane vessels.
- 3. Types of CranesMobile Hydraulic Overhead Gantry Tower
- 4. WHEEL MOUNTED PICKAND CARRY CRANE
- 5. WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPICCRANE WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH SINGLE POINT CONTROL
- 6. WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPICCRANE WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH MULTI POINT CONTROL
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- 20. Definitions Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads Hoist - Used to lift and lower load. Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackle Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads.
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- 24. RINGER ATTACHMENT RINGERATTACHMENT
- 25. RINGER ATTACHMENT RINGERATTACHMENT
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- 27. Crane Inspection GuidelinesPreinspection Crane Set up Electrical Hazards Load Charts Safe operating precautions Inspection Types Starting the inspection Specific inspection Items and references
- 28. Placement of theCrane
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- 34. Planning Before Start-UpLevel the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the load Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location and voltage of overhead power lines. Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds. Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities. Barricade areas within swing radius. Ensure proper maintenance and inspections. Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery.
- 35. Know the Weightof the Load Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation Ensure lift calculations are correct Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift
- 36. Load Limiting FactorsNot level Wind Side loads On its wheels Lifting over the side Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices
- 37. Mobile Cranes –Lifting Principles Center of Gravity Leverage Stability Structural Integrity
- 38. Load Example –30 ton crane Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended At 7.6m from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is only 6.7 Tonnes At 22.5m from the center pin, the capacity is only 2 Tonnes
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- 41. Training Operators: must qualify on specific crane type Must include on-the-job training Supervisor / competent person
- 42. Major Causes ofCrane Accidents Contact with power lines Overturns Falls Mechanical failures
- 43. Instability –unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator Lack of training Inadequate maintenance or inspection How Do Accidents Occur?
- 44. Who is atRisk Operators Persons at Crane Site
- 45. Improper load ratingExcessive speeds No hand signals Inadequate inspection and maintenance Unguarded parts Unguarded swing radius Crane Hazards Working too close to power lines Improper exhaust system Shattered windows No steps/guardrails walkways No boom angle indicator Not using outriggers
- 46. Competent Person Thecompetent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. If it needs fixing, take it out of service and don’t use it until it is fixed Broken Track
- 47. Make sure thecrane operator can see the: Rated Load Capacities Operating Speeds Special Hazard Warning or Instruction Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings Load Rating Chart
- 48. Improper Load Improperloads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane
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- 51. Stay clear frompower lines at least 10 feet Power Lines
- 52. Guard Moving PartsUnguarded Chain Drive Guard moving parts such as gears or belts
- 53. Swing Radius SwingRadius Stay out of the swing radius of the crane – Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
- 54. Operator Visibility BrokenWindow Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing
- 55. Ladders Ladder Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab
- 56. Guardrails Runways andsteps need to have guardrails, handholds and slip resistant surfaces
- 57. Suspended Loads Don’tstand under suspended loads
- 58. Boom Angle IndicatorA boom angle indicator must be on the crane
- 59. Supporting Surface Cranesmust be on a firm supporting surface and level within 1 percent
- 60. The grooves mustbe smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damage Sheaves
- 61. Rigging Equipment SlingsTypes of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web. Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic
- 62. Annual Inspections Inspectionof the hoisting machinery must be made by a competent person The employer must maintain a record of these inspections Crane wasn’t inspected and tipped over
- 63. What to InspectCorrect air pressure and no leaks Tires properly inflated Clearance for tail swing Wire rope wear Physical damage to crane Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts Fluid leaks
- 64. Remove From ServiceImmediately remove damaged or defective slings from service
- 65. Damaged wire ropeBroken Strands Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service Crushed Rope
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- 67. Conduct regular inspectionsof tires for excessive wear or damage Tire Inspections
- 68. Summary on cranesafety An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major contributors to crane accidents. Operators or others working in the area can be victims to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries. Contact with power lines causes many accidents. A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to insure it is in proper order. Planning and training reduces accidents.
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