Presentation1

Presentation1

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  NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY PROTECTIONINITIATIVE AND MANAGEMENT OF IPR IN INDIA
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  Biodiversity: ‘biological diversity’ cansimply be defined as the diversity of life i.e. diversity among the living organism. 1. Genetic diversity 2. species diversity 3. ecosystem diversity Value of biodiversity: biodiversity provides immense valuable products either tangible and intangible forms including- 1. Direct use includes things like food, fibers, medicines and biological control. 2. Indirect uses includes ecosystem services such as atmospheric regulation, nutrient cycling and pollination etc. (Gaston & Spicer 2004).
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  Threats to biodiversity: Themain threats to biodiversity include: 1. Habitat destruction 2. Forest fragmentation 3. Degradation and loss 4. Over-exploitation of resources; 5. Shrinking genetic diversity 6. Invasive alien species 7. Declining forest resource base 8. Climate change and desertification 9. Impact of development projects 10. Impact of pollution.
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  Biodiversity protection initiativesin India: India has developed a stable organizational structure and a strong legal and policy framework for protection of environment in the country. 1. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN: • This was approved by the union cabinet on 6th November, 2008. • The process of preparing the NBAP for India was carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Forests involving wide consultations and planning with various stakeholders across the country, including an externally aided project on 'National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan' (NBSAP). • It proposes to design actions based on the assessment of current and future needs of conservation and sustainable utilization, on short and long term basis.
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  Objectives: • Strengthening andintegration of in situ, on-farm and ex-situ conservation • Augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization • Regulation of introduction of invasive alien species and their management • Integration of biodiversity concerns in economic and social development • Pollution impacts • Development and integration of biodiversity databases 2. NATIONAL WILDLIFE ACTION PLAN: • First National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP) was adopted in 1983, based upon the decision taken in the XV meeting of the Indian Board for Wildlife held in 1982. Policy Imperatives: • Ecological Security • Priority to Conservation • In situ Conservation • Peoples’ Support for Wildlife • Man-Animal Conflict • National Land Use Policy
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  3. NATIONAL WETLANDSCONSERVATION PROGRAMME:  The Government of India has been implementing the National Wetlands Conservation Programme (NWCP) since the year 1985-86.  Under the programme, 115 wetlands (Annexure I) have been identified till now by the Ministry which require urgent conservation and management interventions.  According to the Directory of Asian Wetlands (1989), India has totally 27,403 wetlands, of which 23,444 are inland wetlands and 3,959 are coastal wetlands.  Wetlands occupy 18.4% of the country’s area.  The coastal wetlands occupy an estimated 6,750 sq km, and are largely dominated by mangrove vegetation. Aim of the Programme: Conservation of wetlands in the country so as to prevent their further degradation and ensuring their wise use for the benefit of local communities and overall conservation of biodiversity.
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  IPR (Intellectual PropertyRight):  Intellectual Property (IP) is a property of the mind, which can be created by anyone.  It is distinguishable from other forms of property by being intangible.  The various types of IPRs and a short description of each are given below- • Patents • Copyrights • Trademarks • Registered ( industrial) design • Protection of IC layout design, • Geographical indications, and • Protection of undisclosed information
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  Patent:- It isan official documents which grants sole rights to inventor for manufacturing an marketing his product/ process/ invention to derive benefit. Copyrights:- Exclusive rights to protects expression of an idea, not the idea itself. Protection is provided to authors of original works of authorship including literary, artistic and scientific works. Trademarks :- A Trademarks can be a word, name, symbol, device or mark which is used to identify and distinguish the goods or services of one company from goods or services from another company. Geographical indications : A geographical indications is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin an often possess qualities that are due to that place of origin.
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  Advantages of IntellectualProperty RightsAdvantages of Intellectual Property Rights Advantages of Intellectual Property Rights: • Help in providing exclusive rights to creator or inventor, thereby induces them to distribute and share information and data instead of keeping it confidential. • Provides legal protection and offers them incentive of their work. • Rights granted under the intellectual property act helps in socio and economic development. Need for protection of IPR: • Ideas and innovations are required to be protected in order to avoid exploitation. • Protection of IPR is vitally important for pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and other such industries that require risky investments in innovation and discovery.
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  MANAGEMENT OF IPR: IPR Management involves the following activities : Renewal of patents and designs periodically in every country where they have been granted. Monitoring infringement of the IPR and enforcing ones rights where necessary. Transfer of the IPR appropriate and at optimum value to obtain attractive returns for the expense involved in generating the intellectual property. Establishment of collaborative linkage to facilitate exploitation of the IPR.
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  Importance of IPManagement: • Protection of public sector research. • It ensures availability of the genuine and original products. • Faster technological progress will take place. • Greater professional recognition. • Commercialization of IPR enables technologies through public privatepartnership (PPP).
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  Conclusion: There are veryimmense value of biological diversity such as direct and indirect value, which supports the human being and maintaining the ecological balance. For reducing the loss of biodiversity, there should be need for applying a good strategies for conservation and protection with implementation of existing policies and plan. The current Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime is encouraging commercialization of seed development, monoculture, and protection of new plant varieties, microorganisms, and genetically modified organisms. As a consequence, our rich biogenetic diversity is being eroded irreversibly. We must find out a path to make an alternative approach that will bring a balance in between formal Intellectual Property (IP) system and sustainable aspects of biodiversity.