presentation_abhilasha_early_ch'hd-intro,phy_dev_1516859161_334277.ppt

presentation_abhilasha_early_ch'hd-intro,phy_dev_1516859161_334277.ppt

• 1.
  LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT UNIT2 EARLY CHILDHOOD (2-6 YEARS) CONTENTS AT A GLANCE # Introduction to early childhood: # Physical development # Motor development # Cognitive development # Language development # Emotional development # Social relationships and their importance ( parents, siblings, peers, teachers) # Play and it’s importance.
• 2.
  INTRODUCTION
• 3.
  INTRODUCTION TO EARLYCHILD HOOD  Early childhood is a time of remarkable physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. Infants enter the world with a limited range of skills and abilities, and watching a child develop new motor, cognitive, language and social skills is a source of wonder for parents and caregivers. As a child matures, parents eagerly await important milestones such as learning how to roll over and crawl. Each of these represents a part of physical development. The maturation process happens in an orderly manner; that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached. For example, most infants learn to crawl before they learn to walk. However, it is also important to realize that the rate at which these milestones are reached can vary. Some children learn to walk earlier than their same-age peers, while others may take a bit longer.
• 4.
  PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
• 5.
  PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT  Buildingblocks of physical development include crawling, playing with toys and walking. Physical development, the development of fine and gross motor skills, begins in infancy and fully develops by the age of seven.
• 6.
   Types ofphysical development : The two basic types of physical development in early childhood that allow the development of physical skills are gross motor development, or the development of skills using large movements that involve the whole body, and fine motor development, or the development of skills involving the hands and fingers and using smaller, more precise movements
• 7.
  1  Gross (orlarge) motor skills involve the larger muscles including the arms and legs. Actions requiring gross motor skills include walking, running, balance and coordination. When evaluating gross motor skills, the factors that experts look at include strength, muscle tone, movement quality and the range of movement.
• 8.
  2  Fine (orsmall) motor skills involve the smaller muscles in the fingers, toes, eyes and other areas. The actions that require fine motor skills tend to be more intricate, such as drawing, writing, grasping objects, throwing, waving and catching.
• 9.
  Physical Growth 1) Largemuscles develop before small muscles. Muscles in the body's core, legs and arms develop before those in the fingers and hands. Children learn how to perform gross (or large) motor skills such as walking before they learn to perform fine (or small) motor skills such as drawing. Physical development in children follows a directional pattern:
• 10.
  2) The centerof the body develops before the outer regions. Muscles located at the core of the body become stronger and develop sooner than those in the feet and hands. (proximodistal development) 3) Development goes from the top down, from the head to the toes. This is why babies learn to hold their heads up before they learn how to crawl. (cephalocaudal development)
• 11.
  Other physical developments: Body fat declines during pre-school years.  Boys have more muscles while girls have more fat.  Growth rate slows: the average child in this stage grows 21/2 inches in height and 5-7 pounds per year.  At two and three years, the child weights approximately 12 kg and 14 kg respectively.
• 12.
  MILESTONES Age Physical Attainments 2-3years Children become more comfortable with motion, increasing speed, and coordination. Most begin to: Run forward. Jump in place with both feet together. Stand on one foot, with aid . Walk on tiptoe. Kick ball forward. Children are able to manipulate small objects with increased control. Most can: String large beads . Turn pages one by one . Hold crayon with thumb and fingers instead of fist . Draw a circle. Paint with wrist action, making dots and lines. Roll, pound, squeeze, and pull clay.
• 13.
  Age physical Attainments 3-4years Movement and balance improve. Most children can: Run around obstacles Walk on a line Balance on one foot Push, pull, and steer toys Ride a tricycle Use a slide without help Throw and catch a ball Children's precision of motion improves significantly. Most are able to: Build a tall tower of blocks Drive pegs into holes Draw crosses and circles Manipulate clay by making balls, snakes, etc.
• 14.
  Age Physical Attainments 4-5years Children are now more confident, and most are able to: Walk backwards Jump forward many times without falling Jump on one foot Walk up and down stairs without assistance, alternating feet Turn somersaults Children develop skills that will help them as they enter school and begin writing. Most can: Use safety scissors Cut on a line continuously Copy squares and crosses Print a few capital letters
• 15.
  Age Physical attainments 5-6years  Walks backward quickly  Skips and runs with agility and speed.  Climbs and hops well.  Can hold a balanced position for 8- 10 seconds.  Rides a bike with training wheels.  Jumps over objects and lands without falling  Can throw and catch.  Hits nails with hammer head, uses scissors and screwdrivers unassisted.  Builds three-dimensional block structures.  Shows a clear preference for being right-handed or left-handed.  Dresses quickly.
• 16.
  What have welearnt so far….  “Early childhood” spans children up to the age of 2 to 6 years.  The maturation process happens in an orderly manner; that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached.  Types of physical development: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.  Physical development in children follows a directional pattern: 1. Large muscles develop before small muscles. 2. Proximodistal development. 3. Cephalocaudal development.  Physical milestones.  ………………………………………