Pressure vessels - its design and development

Pressure vessels - its design and development

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  PRESSURE VESSELS (Introduction) Sharath CM HASSAN
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  Pressure(Low / High)Dangerous,  Two consequences result from a complete rupture: •Blast effects due to sudden expansion of the pressurized fluid. •Fragmentation damage and injury, if vessel rupture occurs.  For a leakage failure, the hazard consequences can range from no effect to very serious effects: •Suffocation or poisoning, depending on the nature of the contained fluid, if the leakage occurs into a closed space. •Fire and explosion (physical hazards for a flammable fluid). •Chemical and thermal burns from contact with process liquids.  Only pressure vessels and low pressure storage tanks widely used in many process.
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   pressure orstorage vessels in service have been designed and constructed in accordance with, • The ASME Code, or Section VIII of the ASME “BPVC”. • The API Standard 620 which provides rules for lower pressure vessels not covered by the ASME Code. Vessels certification can only be performed by trained inspectors qualified for each code.
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   Shapes ofpressure vessels 2:1 Semi-elliptical domed end caps is preferable.  Examples for pressure vessel
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  VESSEL TYPES
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   Spherical pressurevessels Even distribution of stress, no weak points, smaller surface area/unit volume, costlier. Typically most use full in rockets as high pressure hydrogen fuel tanks.
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   Cylindrical pressurevessels Most widely used commodity, less expensive, high industrial applications.
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   Cylinder heads
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   Nozzles
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   Design (Discontinuityanalysis) ASME (BPVC): FOS, Thermal stress, Fatigue, Plastic limit, etc.  Manufacturing
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   Safety features(Safety valves)  Material(ASME SA516 Grade 70N) Weldability, Formability, notch and cryogenic toughness, superb corrosion resistance.  Inspections(NDT) Example: Visual inspection, ECA, LPA, Laser profilometry, spectroscopy, radiography, etc.  Applications Auto clave, Nuclear reactor vessels, hydraulic and air break reservoirs, COPV vessels in rockets, etc.
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   Cabin pressurization Uniqueapp. of pressure vessel is passenger cabin of a airliner. • Need for Cabin pressurization. • Mechanics of cabin pressurization.  Example: ISS (14PsI), space shuttles (14.7PsI), space suits (8.3PsI), pressure suits, etc.
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  THANKING YOU