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PRINCIPLE OF ULTRAOUND
Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to generate images of the inside of the body without using ionizing radiation. It works by transmitting sound wave pulses into the body from a probe, detecting the echoes returning from tissue boundaries, and processing and displaying the images on a screen. Ultrasound gel is used between the probe and skin to allow for tight contact and transmission of the waves. Doppler ultrasound can detect the speed and direction of moving structures like blood cells by measuring the change in frequency of returning echoes. The images can display flow information in color or measure concentration and velocity.
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PRINCIPLE OF ULTRAOUND
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- 2. ULTRASOUND One of theimaging modalites with NO IONIZING RADATION Can image directly in any body plane Sound waves with a frequency of 10-20Hz
- 4. PRINCIPLES US machines utilizethe pulse echo principle US probe generates pulses of high frequency sound waves - -> transmitted into the patient --> echoes returning from various tissue boundaries (interfaces) --> detected by probe --> processed by computer --> visualised as an image on screen
- 27. ULTRASOUND GEL Ultrasound gel isa type of conductive medium that enables a tight bond (acoustic seal) between the skin and the probe or transducer, letting the waves transmit directly to the tissues beneath and to the parts that need to be imaged.
- 28. CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF ECHOGENICITY Theliver is usally used as the benchmark for echogenicity. *in scrotal US, always compare the two testes* Hypoechoic (darker and black) - Lymph node, GIT, Liver masses Hyperechoic (brighter and white) - Bone, Stone, Fat, Ligaments Anaechoic / sonolucent (clear black; containing few or no echo) - Gall bladder, Bladder, Cyst, Amniotic fluid Isoechoic (similar echogenicities) - Spleen and Liver, Used when speaking of comparisons
- 30. DOPPLER STUDY When anUS beam encounters a moving structure, a change in the pitch and frequency of the returning echo occurs called as "DOPPLER SHIFT" Image can be generate, giving information about the speed and direction of the moving structure
- 31. TYPES OF DOPPLER ColorDoppler Power Doppler Spectral Imaging
- 32. COLOR DOPPLER The displayedcolor identifies the direction of flow as well as the speed of flow
- 33. POWER DOPPLER Measures theconcentration of moving structures More sensitive to low-flow states, but does not allow an evaluation of direction or speed
- 34. SPECTRAL IMAGING Estimation ofthe diameter of the vessel in which the cells are flowing by calculating the velocity of moving RBCs
- 35. REFERENCES Concise The Radiologyfor Undergraduates, Bhushan N. Lakhar, Chandrakant M. Shetty http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/cbyrne2014/point-of-care- ultrasound-yperechoic-future-in-medical-school http://youtu.be/JqVGgq5bE-Y
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