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- 5. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-1 Chapter 06 Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves Multiple Choice Questions 1. Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations A. usually do little damage to the trees that are left. B. do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees. C. generally do not encourage conversion of the forest to farmland. D. are usually not successful. E. Tropical forests typically have many more than a few commercially valuable trees per acre. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 2. The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably A. logging. B. cattle grazing. C. monoculture agroforestry. D. intensive, efficient modern row cropping. E. milpa farming. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Agriculture 3. Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because A. they contain such high biodiversity. B. tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world. C. they contain irreplaceable wood resources. D. there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type. E. All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry
- 6. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-2 4. Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that A. are exotic in North America. B. have an unusually high market value. C. are highly adapted to their special environment. D. are found in other North American forests, in very different environmental conditions. E. migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 5. Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement? A. about 90 percent B. about 35 percent C. about 50 percent D. about 25 percent E. less than 10 percent Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 6. Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it A. is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest. B. is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees. C. is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor. D. is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain. E. does not waste any trees. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging
- 7. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-3 7. Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because A. it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp. B. it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people. C. high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed, therefore there is more money spent and in the system. D. the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry. E. a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 8. Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________. A. makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas B. loses money; building roads into wilderness areas C. loses money; exporting logs to Canada D. makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada E. loses money; replanting Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 9. The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________. A. the benefits of forests for current and future populations; ecocentric preservation B. fire patrols to protect ancient forests; biocentric preservation C. wildlife habitat; biocentric preservation D. public recreation and education; pragmatic conservation E. timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry
- 8. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-4 10. Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to A. use the most fertile pastures continuously. B. use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage. C. produce more young animals with less range. D. depend more on domestic pastures. E. use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 11. The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually A. gullying. B. the absence of trees. C. the compaction of soils. D. desertification. E. the disappearance of palatable herbs. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 12. World deserts are A. decreasing as world climate becomes wetter. B. increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide. C. increasing because of logging and grazing. D. decreasing because of massive reforestation. E. about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing
- 9. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-5 13. Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to A. excessive populations of wild ungulates. B. overcrowding of private livestock. C. too many publicly owned animals on public lands. D. excessive urban settlement in the West. E. the lack of water. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 14. National parks are an important part of our heritage, A. and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status. B. but they lack any protection from mining, logging, and grazing. C. but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining. D. but unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas. E. but they are endangered by overcrowding. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 15. Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________. A. increased by more than one half; increased by about 25% B. increased by one third; decreased by about 25% C. decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25% D. decreased by one third; increased by about 25% E. stayed about the same; decreased by about 25% Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
- 10. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-6 16. Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is A. ecotourism. B. the Man and the Biosphere concept. C. hotspot management. D. a form of REDD. E. causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 17. The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting A. resources from human use. B. endangered species. C. wildlife from poaching. D. world climate stability. E. ecosystems and biodiversity. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Biodiversity 18. The highest rate of forest loss occurs in A. Asia. B. North America. C. South America. D. Africa. E. Europe. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging
- 11. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-7 19. Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible? A. Clearcutting. B. Selective harvest. C. Strip cutting. D. Shelterwood harvest. E. Monoculture harvest. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 20. The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed? A. Bluestem. B. Fescue. C. Sage. D. Bluegrass. E. Sideoats. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 21. A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be A. a lack of biodiversity in those countries. B. a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve. C. the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves. D. the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves. E. a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
- 12. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-8 22. What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears? A. GIS. B. REDD. C. Adaptive management. D. PVA. E. MAB. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 23. Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true? A. While they may face other obstacles, wildlife refuges rarely have notable pollution problems. B. Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges. C. The Bureau of Land Management has made it a priority to expand designated wilderness areas on their lands. D. Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. E. All of these are true. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 24. An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet) would be an indicator of A. overharvest of timber. B. overgrazing of grasslands. C. increased edge habitat. D. decreased biodiversity. E. lack of proper habitat management. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.03 Topic: Biodiversity
- 13. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-9 25. Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate? A. Brazil B. Russia C. Japan D. India E. Canada Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 26. A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is A. utilitarian conservation. B. biocentric preservation. C. the REDD program. D. ecosystem management. E. pastoralism. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 27. One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas. A. highways B. eco-bridges C. edge effects D. corridors E. none of these are correct. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
- 14. Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-10 True / False Questions 28. United States national parks are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 29. The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 30. Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
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- 16. "Grandmother!" cried thechild, "oh, take me with you! I know you will go when the match is burned out. You will vanish like the warm fire, the warm food, and the great, glorious Christmas tree!" And she hastily rubbed the whole bundle of matches, for she wished to hold her grandmother fast. And the matches burned with such a glow that it became brighter than in the middle of the day; grandmother had never been so large or so beautiful. She took the little girl in her arms, and both flew in brightness and joy above the earth, very, very high; and up there was neither cold nor hunger nor care,—they were with God. But in the corner, leaning against the wall, sat the poor girl with red cheeks and smiling mouth, frozen to death on the last evening of the Old Year. The New Year's sun rose upon a little corpse! The child sat there, stiff and cold, with the matches, of which one bundle was burned. "She wanted to warm herself," the people said. No one imagined what a beautiful thing she had seen, and in what glory she had gone in with her grandmother to the New Year's Day. From George Wither's "Hallelujah."
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- 18. Sweet baby, sleep;what ails my dear? What ails my darling thus to cry? Be still, my child, and lend thine ear To hear me sing thy lullaby. My pretty lamb, forbear to weep; Be still, my dear; sweet baby, sleep. Thou blessed soul, what canst thou fear? What thing to thee can mischief do? Thy God is now thy Father dear; His holy Spouse thy Mother too. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Whilst thus thy lullaby I sing, For thee great blessings ripening be; Thine eldest brother is a king, And hath a kingdom bought for thee. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Sweet baby, sleep, and nothing fear; For whosoever thee offends, By thy protector threatened are, And God and angels are thy friends. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. When God with us was dwelling here, In little babes he took delight: Such innocents as thou, my dear, Are ever precious in his sight. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
- 19. Be still, mybabe; sweet baby, sleep. A little infant once was he, And Strength-in-Weakness then was laid Upon his Virgin-Mother's knee, That power to thee might be conveyed. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. In this thy frailty and thy need He friends and helpers doth prepare, Which thee shall cherish, clothe, and feed, For of thy weal they tender are. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. The King of kings, when he was born, Had not so much for outward ease; By him such dressings were not worn, Nor such-like swaddling-clothes as these. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Within a manger lodged thy Lord, Where oxen lay and asses fed; Warm rooms we do to thee afford, An easy cradle or a bed. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. The wants that he did then sustain Have purchased wealth, my babe, for thee, And by his torments and his pain Thy rest and ease securèd be. My baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
- 20. Thou hast (yetmore), to perfect this, A promise and an earnest got Of gaining everlasting bliss, Though thou, my babe, perceiv'st it not. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson. (Cantos XXVIII., XXIX., XXX.)
- 21.
- 22. The time drawsnear the birth of Christ: The moon is hid; the night is still; The Christmas bells from hill to hill Answer each other in the mist. Four voices of four hamlets round, From far and near, on mead and moor, Swell out and fail, as if a door Were shut between me and the sound: Each voice four changes on the wind, That now dilate, and now decrease, Peace and good will, good will and peace, Peace and good will, to all mankind. This year I slept and woke with pain, I almost wished no more to wake, And that my hold on life would break Before I heard those bells again: But they my troubled spirit rule, For they controlled me when a boy; They bring me sorrow touched with joy, The merry, merry bells of Yule. With such compelling cause to grieve As daily vexes household peace, And chains regret to his decease, How dare we keep our Christmas Eve; Which brings no more a welcome guest To enrich the threshold of the night With showered largess of delight, In dance and song and game and jest
- 23. In dance andsong and game and jest. Yet go, and while the holly-boughs Entwine the cold baptismal font, Make one wreath more for Use and Wont, That guard the portals of the house; Old sisters of a day gone by, Gray nurses, loving nothing new; Why should they miss their yearly due Before their time? They too will die. With trembling fingers did we weave The holly round the Christmas hearth; A rainy cloud possessed the earth, And sadly fell our Christmas Eve. At our old pastimes in the hall We gambolled, making vain pretence Of gladness, with an awful sense Of one mute Shadow watching all. We paused: the winds were in the beech: We heard them sweep the winter land; And in a circle hand-in-hand Sat silent, looking each at each. Then echo-like our voices rang; We sung, though every eye was dim, A merry song we sang with him Last year: impetuously we sang: We ceased: a gentler feeling crept Upon us: surely rest is meet: "They rest," we said, "their sleep is sweet," And silence followed, and we wept. Our voices took a higher range;
- 24. Ou o cestoo a g e a ge; Once more we sang: "They do not die, Nor lose their mortal sympathy, Nor change to us, although they change: "Rapt from the fickle and the frail With gathered power, yet the same, Pierces the keen seraphic flame From orb to orb, from veil to veil." Rise, happy morn, rise, holy morn, Draw forth the cheerful day from night: O Father, touch the east, and light The light that shone when Hope was born.
- 25. Transcriber's Notes: Obvious printer'serrors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "good will" and "good-will").
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