Principles of Environmental Science Companion
Site 6th Edition Cunningham Test Bank download
https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental-
science-companion-site-6th-edition-cunningham-test-bank/
Visit testbankdeal.com today to download the complete set of
test bank or solution manual
We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit testbankdeal.com
to discover even more!
Principles of Environmental Science Companion Site 6th
Edition Cunningham Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental-science-
companion-site-6th-edition-cunningham-solutions-manual/
Principles of Environmental Science 8th Edition Cunningham
Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental-
science-8th-edition-cunningham-test-bank/
Principles of Environmental Science 1st Edition Cunningham
Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental-
science-1st-edition-cunningham-test-bank/
Modern Marketing Research Concepts Methods and Cases 2nd
Edition Feinberg Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/modern-marketing-research-concepts-
methods-and-cases-2nd-edition-feinberg-solutions-manual/
Precalculus A Right Triangle Approach 3rd Edition Ratti
Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/precalculus-a-right-triangle-
approach-3rd-edition-ratti-solutions-manual/
Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture 5th
Edition Brickley Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/managerial-economics-and-
organizational-architecture-5th-edition-brickley-test-bank/
Data Modeling and Database Design 2nd Edition Umanath
Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/data-modeling-and-database-
design-2nd-edition-umanath-solutions-manual/
Investigating Astronomy 2nd Edition Slater Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/investigating-astronomy-2nd-edition-
slater-test-bank/
Services Marketing 6th Edition Zeithaml Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/services-marketing-6th-edition-
zeithaml-test-bank/
Advertising And Integrated Brand Promotion 8th Edition
Oguinn Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/advertising-and-integrated-brand-
promotion-8th-edition-oguinn-test-bank/
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-1
Chapter 06
Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature
Preserves
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre,
logging operations
A. usually do little damage to the trees that are left.
B. do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees.
C. generally do not encourage conversion of the forest to farmland.
D. are usually not successful.
E. Tropical forests typically have many more than a few commercially valuable trees per acre.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
2. The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably
A. logging.
B. cattle grazing.
C. monoculture agroforestry.
D. intensive, efficient modern row cropping.
E. milpa farming.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Agriculture
3. Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned
about tropical forest loss because
A. they contain such high biodiversity.
B. tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.
C. they contain irreplaceable wood resources.
D. there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.
E. All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-2
4. Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that
A. are exotic in North America.
B. have an unusually high market value.
C. are highly adapted to their special environment.
D. are found in other North American forests, in very different environmental conditions.
E. migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
5. Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the
United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in
the United States before European settlement?
A. about 90 percent
B. about 35 percent
C. about 50 percent
D. about 25 percent
E. less than 10 percent
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
6. Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it
A. is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest.
B. is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early
successional trees.
C. is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly
labor.
D. is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain.
E. does not waste any trees.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-3
7. Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because
A. it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building
timber or paper pulp.
B. it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people.
C. high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed, therefore there is more money
spent and in the system.
D. the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry.
E. a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of
timber falls.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
8. Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis
on ________________.
A. makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas
B. loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
C. loses money; exporting logs to Canada
D. makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada
E. loses money; replanting
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
9. The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide
______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________.
A. the benefits of forests for current and future populations; ecocentric preservation
B. fire patrols to protect ancient forests; biocentric preservation
C. wildlife habitat; biocentric preservation
D. public recreation and education; pragmatic conservation
E. timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-4
10. Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to
A. use the most fertile pastures continuously.
B. use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage.
C. produce more young animals with less range.
D. depend more on domestic pastures.
E. use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.02
Topic: Grazing
11. The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually
A. gullying.
B. the absence of trees.
C. the compaction of soils.
D. desertification.
E. the disappearance of palatable herbs.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Grazing
12. World deserts are
A. decreasing as world climate becomes wetter.
B. increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide.
C. increasing because of logging and grazing.
D. decreasing because of massive reforestation.
E. about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Grazing
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-5
13. Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to
A. excessive populations of wild ungulates.
B. overcrowding of private livestock.
C. too many publicly owned animals on public lands.
D. excessive urban settlement in the West.
E. the lack of water.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Grazing
14. National parks are an important part of our heritage,
A. and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status.
B. but they lack any protection from mining, logging, and grazing.
C. but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining.
D. but unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas.
E. but they are endangered by overcrowding.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
15. Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have
________.
A. increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
B. increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
C. decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
D. decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
E. stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-6
16. Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is
A. ecotourism.
B. the Man and the Biosphere concept.
C. hotspot management.
D. a form of REDD.
E. causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
17. The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting
A. resources from human use.
B. endangered species.
C. wildlife from poaching.
D. world climate stability.
E. ecosystems and biodiversity.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Biodiversity
18. The highest rate of forest loss occurs in
A. Asia.
B. North America.
C. South America.
D. Africa.
E. Europe.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-7
19. Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest
as possible?
A. Clearcutting.
B. Selective harvest.
C. Strip cutting.
D. Shelterwood harvest.
E. Monoculture harvest.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
20. The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see
is overgrazed?
A. Bluestem.
B. Fescue.
C. Sage.
D. Bluegrass.
E. Sideoats.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Grazing
21. A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be
A. a lack of biodiversity in those countries.
B. a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve.
C. the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves.
D. the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
E. a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-8
22. What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect
grizzly bears?
A. GIS.
B. REDD.
C. Adaptive management.
D. PVA.
E. MAB.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
23. Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true?
A. While they may face other obstacles, wildlife refuges rarely have notable pollution
problems.
B. Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges.
C. The Bureau of Land Management has made it a priority to expand designated wilderness
areas on their lands.
D. Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
E. All of these are true.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
24. An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests
meet) would be an indicator of
A. overharvest of timber.
B. overgrazing of grasslands.
C. increased edge habitat.
D. decreased biodiversity.
E. lack of proper habitat management.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 6.03
Topic: Biodiversity
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-9
25. Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate?
A. Brazil
B. Russia
C. Japan
D. India
E. Canada
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Logging
26. A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing
countries is
A. utilitarian conservation.
B. biocentric preservation.
C. the REDD program.
D. ecosystem management.
E. pastoralism.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
27. One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use
_______________ to link smaller habitat areas.
A. highways
B. eco-bridges
C. edge effects
D. corridors
E. none of these are correct.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
Chapter 06 - Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves
6-10
True / False Questions
28. United States national parks are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
FALSE
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
29. The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.
TRUE
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Forestry
30. Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves.
FALSE
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Parks and Reserves
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
"Grandmother!" cried the child, "oh, take me with you! I know you
will go when the match is burned out. You will vanish like the warm
fire, the warm food, and the great, glorious Christmas tree!"
And she hastily rubbed the whole bundle of matches, for she wished
to hold her grandmother fast. And the matches burned with such a
glow that it became brighter than in the middle of the day;
grandmother had never been so large or so beautiful. She took the
little girl in her arms, and both flew in brightness and joy above the
earth, very, very high; and up there was neither cold nor hunger nor
care,—they were with God.
But in the corner, leaning against the wall, sat the poor girl with red
cheeks and smiling mouth, frozen to death on the last evening of the
Old Year. The New Year's sun rose upon a little corpse! The child sat
there, stiff and cold, with the matches, of which one bundle was
burned. "She wanted to warm herself," the people said. No one
imagined what a beautiful thing she had seen, and in what glory she
had gone in with her grandmother to the New Year's Day.
From George Wither's "Hallelujah."
A ROCKING HYMN.
Sweet baby, sleep; what ails my dear?
What ails my darling thus to cry?
Be still, my child, and lend thine ear
To hear me sing thy lullaby.
My pretty lamb, forbear to weep;
Be still, my dear; sweet baby, sleep.
Thou blessed soul, what canst thou fear?
What thing to thee can mischief do?
Thy God is now thy Father dear;
His holy Spouse thy Mother too.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
Whilst thus thy lullaby I sing,
For thee great blessings ripening be;
Thine eldest brother is a king,
And hath a kingdom bought for thee.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
Sweet baby, sleep, and nothing fear;
For whosoever thee offends,
By thy protector threatened are,
And God and angels are thy friends.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
When God with us was dwelling here,
In little babes he took delight:
Such innocents as thou, my dear,
Are ever precious in his sight.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
A little infant once was he,
And Strength-in-Weakness then was laid
Upon his Virgin-Mother's knee,
That power to thee might be conveyed.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
In this thy frailty and thy need
He friends and helpers doth prepare,
Which thee shall cherish, clothe, and feed,
For of thy weal they tender are.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
The King of kings, when he was born,
Had not so much for outward ease;
By him such dressings were not worn,
Nor such-like swaddling-clothes as these.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
Within a manger lodged thy Lord,
Where oxen lay and asses fed;
Warm rooms we do to thee afford,
An easy cradle or a bed.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
The wants that he did then sustain
Have purchased wealth, my babe, for thee,
And by his torments and his pain
Thy rest and ease securèd be.
My baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
Thou hast (yet more), to perfect this,
A promise and an earnest got
Of gaining everlasting bliss,
Though thou, my babe, perceiv'st it not.
Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
By Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
(Cantos XXVIII., XXIX., XXX.)
IN MEMORIAM.
The time draws near the birth of Christ:
The moon is hid; the night is still;
The Christmas bells from hill to hill
Answer each other in the mist.
Four voices of four hamlets round,
From far and near, on mead and moor,
Swell out and fail, as if a door
Were shut between me and the sound:
Each voice four changes on the wind,
That now dilate, and now decrease,
Peace and good will, good will and peace,
Peace and good will, to all mankind.
This year I slept and woke with pain,
I almost wished no more to wake,
And that my hold on life would break
Before I heard those bells again:
But they my troubled spirit rule,
For they controlled me when a boy;
They bring me sorrow touched with joy,
The merry, merry bells of Yule.
With such compelling cause to grieve
As daily vexes household peace,
And chains regret to his decease,
How dare we keep our Christmas Eve;
Which brings no more a welcome guest
To enrich the threshold of the night
With showered largess of delight,
In dance and song and game and jest
In dance and song and game and jest.
Yet go, and while the holly-boughs
Entwine the cold baptismal font,
Make one wreath more for Use and Wont,
That guard the portals of the house;
Old sisters of a day gone by,
Gray nurses, loving nothing new;
Why should they miss their yearly due
Before their time? They too will die.
With trembling fingers did we weave
The holly round the Christmas hearth;
A rainy cloud possessed the earth,
And sadly fell our Christmas Eve.
At our old pastimes in the hall
We gambolled, making vain pretence
Of gladness, with an awful sense
Of one mute Shadow watching all.
We paused: the winds were in the beech:
We heard them sweep the winter land;
And in a circle hand-in-hand
Sat silent, looking each at each.
Then echo-like our voices rang;
We sung, though every eye was dim,
A merry song we sang with him
Last year: impetuously we sang:
We ceased: a gentler feeling crept
Upon us: surely rest is meet:
"They rest," we said, "their sleep is sweet,"
And silence followed, and we wept.
Our voices took a higher range;
Ou o ces too a g e a ge;
Once more we sang: "They do not die,
Nor lose their mortal sympathy,
Nor change to us, although they change:
"Rapt from the fickle and the frail
With gathered power, yet the same,
Pierces the keen seraphic flame
From orb to orb, from veil to veil."
Rise, happy morn, rise, holy morn,
Draw forth the cheerful day from night:
O Father, touch the east, and light
The light that shone when Hope was born.
Transcriber's Notes:
Obvious printer's errors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept,
including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "good will" and "good-will").
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK UNDER THE HOLLY:
CHRISTMAS-TIDE IN SONG AND STORY ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.
copyright law means that no one owns a United States
copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy
and distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the
free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and
Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree
to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease
using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only
be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the
work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement
by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project
Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and
with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country
where you are located before using this eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of
the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project
Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute
this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must,
at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy,
a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy
upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or
providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who
notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend
considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these
efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium
on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as,
but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data,
transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property
infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be
read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except
for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE
THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT
EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE
THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you
discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set
forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you
do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission
of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status
by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or
federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500
West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws
regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine
the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states
where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot
make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current
donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.
More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge
connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.
Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and
personal growth every day!
testbankdeal.com

Principles of Environmental Science Companion Site 6th Edition Cunningham Test Bank

  • 1.
    Principles of EnvironmentalScience Companion Site 6th Edition Cunningham Test Bank download https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental- science-companion-site-6th-edition-cunningham-test-bank/ Visit testbankdeal.com today to download the complete set of test bank or solution manual
  • 2.
    We believe theseproducts will be a great fit for you. Click the link to download now, or visit testbankdeal.com to discover even more! Principles of Environmental Science Companion Site 6th Edition Cunningham Solutions Manual https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental-science- companion-site-6th-edition-cunningham-solutions-manual/ Principles of Environmental Science 8th Edition Cunningham Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental- science-8th-edition-cunningham-test-bank/ Principles of Environmental Science 1st Edition Cunningham Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/principles-of-environmental- science-1st-edition-cunningham-test-bank/ Modern Marketing Research Concepts Methods and Cases 2nd Edition Feinberg Solutions Manual https://testbankdeal.com/product/modern-marketing-research-concepts- methods-and-cases-2nd-edition-feinberg-solutions-manual/
  • 3.
    Precalculus A RightTriangle Approach 3rd Edition Ratti Solutions Manual https://testbankdeal.com/product/precalculus-a-right-triangle- approach-3rd-edition-ratti-solutions-manual/ Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture 5th Edition Brickley Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/managerial-economics-and- organizational-architecture-5th-edition-brickley-test-bank/ Data Modeling and Database Design 2nd Edition Umanath Solutions Manual https://testbankdeal.com/product/data-modeling-and-database- design-2nd-edition-umanath-solutions-manual/ Investigating Astronomy 2nd Edition Slater Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/investigating-astronomy-2nd-edition- slater-test-bank/ Services Marketing 6th Edition Zeithaml Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/services-marketing-6th-edition- zeithaml-test-bank/
  • 4.
    Advertising And IntegratedBrand Promotion 8th Edition Oguinn Test Bank https://testbankdeal.com/product/advertising-and-integrated-brand- promotion-8th-edition-oguinn-test-bank/
  • 5.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-1 Chapter 06 Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves Multiple Choice Questions 1. Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations A. usually do little damage to the trees that are left. B. do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees. C. generally do not encourage conversion of the forest to farmland. D. are usually not successful. E. Tropical forests typically have many more than a few commercially valuable trees per acre. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 2. The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably A. logging. B. cattle grazing. C. monoculture agroforestry. D. intensive, efficient modern row cropping. E. milpa farming. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Agriculture 3. Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because A. they contain such high biodiversity. B. tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world. C. they contain irreplaceable wood resources. D. there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type. E. All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry
  • 6.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-2 4. Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that A. are exotic in North America. B. have an unusually high market value. C. are highly adapted to their special environment. D. are found in other North American forests, in very different environmental conditions. E. migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 5. Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement? A. about 90 percent B. about 35 percent C. about 50 percent D. about 25 percent E. less than 10 percent Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 6. Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it A. is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest. B. is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees. C. is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor. D. is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain. E. does not waste any trees. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging
  • 7.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-3 7. Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because A. it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp. B. it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people. C. high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed, therefore there is more money spent and in the system. D. the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry. E. a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 8. Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________. A. makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas B. loses money; building roads into wilderness areas C. loses money; exporting logs to Canada D. makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada E. loses money; replanting Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 9. The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________. A. the benefits of forests for current and future populations; ecocentric preservation B. fire patrols to protect ancient forests; biocentric preservation C. wildlife habitat; biocentric preservation D. public recreation and education; pragmatic conservation E. timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry
  • 8.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-4 10. Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to A. use the most fertile pastures continuously. B. use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage. C. produce more young animals with less range. D. depend more on domestic pastures. E. use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 11. The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually A. gullying. B. the absence of trees. C. the compaction of soils. D. desertification. E. the disappearance of palatable herbs. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 12. World deserts are A. decreasing as world climate becomes wetter. B. increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide. C. increasing because of logging and grazing. D. decreasing because of massive reforestation. E. about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing
  • 9.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-5 13. Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to A. excessive populations of wild ungulates. B. overcrowding of private livestock. C. too many publicly owned animals on public lands. D. excessive urban settlement in the West. E. the lack of water. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 14. National parks are an important part of our heritage, A. and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status. B. but they lack any protection from mining, logging, and grazing. C. but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining. D. but unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas. E. but they are endangered by overcrowding. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 15. Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________. A. increased by more than one half; increased by about 25% B. increased by one third; decreased by about 25% C. decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25% D. decreased by one third; increased by about 25% E. stayed about the same; decreased by about 25% Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
  • 10.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-6 16. Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is A. ecotourism. B. the Man and the Biosphere concept. C. hotspot management. D. a form of REDD. E. causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 17. The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting A. resources from human use. B. endangered species. C. wildlife from poaching. D. world climate stability. E. ecosystems and biodiversity. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Biodiversity 18. The highest rate of forest loss occurs in A. Asia. B. North America. C. South America. D. Africa. E. Europe. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging
  • 11.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-7 19. Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible? A. Clearcutting. B. Selective harvest. C. Strip cutting. D. Shelterwood harvest. E. Monoculture harvest. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 20. The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed? A. Bluestem. B. Fescue. C. Sage. D. Bluegrass. E. Sideoats. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.02 Topic: Grazing 21. A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be A. a lack of biodiversity in those countries. B. a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve. C. the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves. D. the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves. E. a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
  • 12.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-8 22. What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears? A. GIS. B. REDD. C. Adaptive management. D. PVA. E. MAB. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 23. Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true? A. While they may face other obstacles, wildlife refuges rarely have notable pollution problems. B. Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges. C. The Bureau of Land Management has made it a priority to expand designated wilderness areas on their lands. D. Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. E. All of these are true. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 24. An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet) would be an indicator of A. overharvest of timber. B. overgrazing of grasslands. C. increased edge habitat. D. decreased biodiversity. E. lack of proper habitat management. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 6.03 Topic: Biodiversity
  • 13.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-9 25. Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate? A. Brazil B. Russia C. Japan D. India E. Canada Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Logging 26. A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is A. utilitarian conservation. B. biocentric preservation. C. the REDD program. D. ecosystem management. E. pastoralism. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 27. One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas. A. highways B. eco-bridges C. edge effects D. corridors E. none of these are correct. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
  • 14.
    Chapter 06 -Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks and Nature Preserves 6-10 True / False Questions 28. United States national parks are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves 29. The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.01 Topic: Forestry 30. Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 6.03 Topic: Parks and Reserves
  • 15.
    Discovering Diverse ContentThrough Random Scribd Documents
  • 16.
    "Grandmother!" cried thechild, "oh, take me with you! I know you will go when the match is burned out. You will vanish like the warm fire, the warm food, and the great, glorious Christmas tree!" And she hastily rubbed the whole bundle of matches, for she wished to hold her grandmother fast. And the matches burned with such a glow that it became brighter than in the middle of the day; grandmother had never been so large or so beautiful. She took the little girl in her arms, and both flew in brightness and joy above the earth, very, very high; and up there was neither cold nor hunger nor care,—they were with God. But in the corner, leaning against the wall, sat the poor girl with red cheeks and smiling mouth, frozen to death on the last evening of the Old Year. The New Year's sun rose upon a little corpse! The child sat there, stiff and cold, with the matches, of which one bundle was burned. "She wanted to warm herself," the people said. No one imagined what a beautiful thing she had seen, and in what glory she had gone in with her grandmother to the New Year's Day. From George Wither's "Hallelujah."
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Sweet baby, sleep;what ails my dear? What ails my darling thus to cry? Be still, my child, and lend thine ear To hear me sing thy lullaby. My pretty lamb, forbear to weep; Be still, my dear; sweet baby, sleep. Thou blessed soul, what canst thou fear? What thing to thee can mischief do? Thy God is now thy Father dear; His holy Spouse thy Mother too. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Whilst thus thy lullaby I sing, For thee great blessings ripening be; Thine eldest brother is a king, And hath a kingdom bought for thee. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Sweet baby, sleep, and nothing fear; For whosoever thee offends, By thy protector threatened are, And God and angels are thy friends. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. When God with us was dwelling here, In little babes he took delight: Such innocents as thou, my dear, Are ever precious in his sight. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep;
  • 19.
    Be still, mybabe; sweet baby, sleep. A little infant once was he, And Strength-in-Weakness then was laid Upon his Virgin-Mother's knee, That power to thee might be conveyed. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. In this thy frailty and thy need He friends and helpers doth prepare, Which thee shall cherish, clothe, and feed, For of thy weal they tender are. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. The King of kings, when he was born, Had not so much for outward ease; By him such dressings were not worn, Nor such-like swaddling-clothes as these. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. Within a manger lodged thy Lord, Where oxen lay and asses fed; Warm rooms we do to thee afford, An easy cradle or a bed. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. The wants that he did then sustain Have purchased wealth, my babe, for thee, And by his torments and his pain Thy rest and ease securèd be. My baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep.
  • 20.
    Thou hast (yetmore), to perfect this, A promise and an earnest got Of gaining everlasting bliss, Though thou, my babe, perceiv'st it not. Sweet baby, then, forbear to weep; Be still, my babe; sweet baby, sleep. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson. (Cantos XXVIII., XXIX., XXX.)
  • 21.
  • 22.
    The time drawsnear the birth of Christ: The moon is hid; the night is still; The Christmas bells from hill to hill Answer each other in the mist. Four voices of four hamlets round, From far and near, on mead and moor, Swell out and fail, as if a door Were shut between me and the sound: Each voice four changes on the wind, That now dilate, and now decrease, Peace and good will, good will and peace, Peace and good will, to all mankind. This year I slept and woke with pain, I almost wished no more to wake, And that my hold on life would break Before I heard those bells again: But they my troubled spirit rule, For they controlled me when a boy; They bring me sorrow touched with joy, The merry, merry bells of Yule. With such compelling cause to grieve As daily vexes household peace, And chains regret to his decease, How dare we keep our Christmas Eve; Which brings no more a welcome guest To enrich the threshold of the night With showered largess of delight, In dance and song and game and jest
  • 23.
    In dance andsong and game and jest. Yet go, and while the holly-boughs Entwine the cold baptismal font, Make one wreath more for Use and Wont, That guard the portals of the house; Old sisters of a day gone by, Gray nurses, loving nothing new; Why should they miss their yearly due Before their time? They too will die. With trembling fingers did we weave The holly round the Christmas hearth; A rainy cloud possessed the earth, And sadly fell our Christmas Eve. At our old pastimes in the hall We gambolled, making vain pretence Of gladness, with an awful sense Of one mute Shadow watching all. We paused: the winds were in the beech: We heard them sweep the winter land; And in a circle hand-in-hand Sat silent, looking each at each. Then echo-like our voices rang; We sung, though every eye was dim, A merry song we sang with him Last year: impetuously we sang: We ceased: a gentler feeling crept Upon us: surely rest is meet: "They rest," we said, "their sleep is sweet," And silence followed, and we wept. Our voices took a higher range;
  • 24.
    Ou o cestoo a g e a ge; Once more we sang: "They do not die, Nor lose their mortal sympathy, Nor change to us, although they change: "Rapt from the fickle and the frail With gathered power, yet the same, Pierces the keen seraphic flame From orb to orb, from veil to veil." Rise, happy morn, rise, holy morn, Draw forth the cheerful day from night: O Father, touch the east, and light The light that shone when Hope was born.
  • 25.
    Transcriber's Notes: Obvious printer'serrors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "good will" and "good-will").
  • 26.
    *** END OFTHE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK UNDER THE HOLLY: CHRISTMAS-TIDE IN SONG AND STORY *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE
  • 27.
    THE FULL PROJECTGUTENBERG LICENSE
  • 28.
    PLEASE READ THISBEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
  • 29.
    1.C. The ProjectGutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
  • 30.
    Gutenberg” appears, orwith which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
  • 31.
    containing a partof this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
  • 32.
    payments must bepaid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
  • 33.
    law in creatingthe Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
  • 34.
    If the secondcopy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™
  • 35.
    Project Gutenberg™ issynonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non- profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
  • 36.
    Section 4. Informationabout Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and
  • 37.
    Welcome to ourwebsite – the perfect destination for book lovers and knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world, offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth. That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to self-development guides and children's books. More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading. Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and personal growth every day! testbankdeal.com