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Principles of management.pptx
- 1. Definitions and Principlesof Management BY : Dr. Anup kumar Yadav Hospital Administration
- 2. Definitions • Management isthe process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals , working together in groups , efficiently accomplish selected aims. Harold Koontz
- 3. • Management isto forecast , to organize, to command , to coordinate and control activities of others Henri Fayol
- 4. • Management isthe art of getting things done through people Mary Parker Follett
- 5. • Management isthe art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest manner Frederick Winslow Taylor
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- 7. Difference between administration& management Basis of difference Adminstration Management 1. Level in organization Top level Middle and lower 2. Major focus Policy formation & Objective determination Policy execution for objective achievement 3. Nature of functions Determinative Executive 4. Scope of functions Broad & conceptual Narrow & operational 5. Factors affecting decisions Mostly external Mostly internal 6. Employer-employee Entrepreneurs Employees
- 8. Importance of Management Effective Utilization of resources Development of resources To incorporate innovations Integrating various interest groups Stability in the society
- 9. Skills of Management: Technical Skills Human Skills Conceptual Skills Design Skills
- 10. Managerial Skills andthe Organizational Hierarchy
- 11. Functions of Management 1.Planning 2. Organizing 3. Staffing 4. Leading 5. Controlling
- 12. 1.Planning • Selecting missionsand objectives as well as actions to achieve them • Before a decision is made , all that exists is a planning study , an analysis or a proposal 2. Organizing • Establishing an internal structure of roles for people to fill in an organization • So we divided all the tasks to people who can do the best to accomplish goals.
- 13. 3. Staffing Filling andkeeping filled the positions in the organization structure And this done by identifying Workforce requirement , recruiting , compensating , training . So that the tasks are accomplished effectively.
- 14. 4. Leading Its influencingpeople so that they will contribute to organizational and group goals . Most Managers agree that Most problems are arise from peoples • Due to their desires • Attitudes • Behaviors as individual and in groups SO Leading involves :- Motivation , Leadership styles , approaches and communication
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- 16. Managerial functions atDifferent Organizational Levels Time spent in carrying out managerial functions Partly based on and adapted from Thomas A. Mahoney, Thomas H. Jerdee , J. Carroll, "The Job(s) of Management," Industrial Relations (February 1965), pp. 97-110.
- 17. 1. Division ofwork • An employee assigned to Only One type of Work to increase Output • That’s also leads to specialization • And the division should be done based on efficiency of subordinates. Principles of Management
- 18. 2. Authority andresponsibility • Authority and responsibility are inseparable • Authority means right to give order and power • Without authority one cannot discharge responsibility.
- 19. 3. Discipline • Theworkers should be obedient and respectful of the organization and this is absolutely essential. • Managers and administrators should set the good example through their actions and behavior
- 20. 4. Unity ofcommand • This means that employees should receive orders from one superior only. • Each employee in the organisation must know who is his immediate boss and be responsible to him for his work.
- 21. 5. Unity ofDirection • Each group of activities with the same objective must have one head and one plan. • Unity of direction relates to the organisation as a whole. • There should be teamwork and unity in the organisation. If people at various level are divided about objectives, there will be wastage of organisational resources
- 22. 6. Centralisation ofAuthority It should be clear in the organisation as to who is to issue orders and the areas of authority. Otherwise , conflicting orders will create confusion in the organisation
- 23. 7. Scalar chain Thechain of supervisors from the highest to the lowest ranks in the organisation. While this will not be departed from needlessly, it could be short-circuited at times only when to follow it scrupulously would be detrimental in a given situation.
- 24. 8. Order This is"a place for everything (every one) and everything a (every one) in its (his) place". As a principle of organisation in the arrangement of things and people, this will result in optimisation of the resources.
- 25. 9. Remuneration Equal payfor equal work. Each person should be paid according to his contribution, The remuneration and methods of payment should be fair and afford maximum possible satisfaction to employees and employer.
- 26. 10. Stability oftenure Unnecessary turnover of employees is both the cause and the effect of bad management. The employee requires assurance about the permanent nature of the job, resulting in a feeling of security and involvement in work.
- 27. 11.Delegation of Authority Becausemanagers manage through the work of others, there should be delegation of authority. Through delegation , subordinates get prepared for higher responsibility. The needs, training, and motivation of the delegater and delegatee must match.
- 28. 12. Initiative Initiative isthe thinking out and execution of a plan. Employee should be given opportunities for use of creative ideas in their work. It is a means to job involvement and commitment to organisational goals-the keenest satisfactions for a worker to experience.
- 29. 13. Subordination ofindividual interest to organisational interest When the two differ, management must reconcile them. As the organisation is set up to meet the needs of society, the individual must sacrifice some selfish interests in the overall interest of the organisation and society
- 30. 14. Equity Loyalty anddevotion should be elicited from personnel by a combination of impartiality, kindness and justice on the part of managers, when dealing with subordinates. Subordinates must be treated without any bias for race, religion, sex and class.
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