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Project method of teaching
- 1. PROJECT Sridevi devaraj 1st yearmsc nursing KCON Bangalore
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Is aneducational enterprise in which children solve a practical problem over a period of several days or week. • Is a teaching method that requires the students to present in concrete form the results of information gathered about a concept, principle or innovation.
- 3. DEFINITION • project isa whole- hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment” -Kilpatrick • “ A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting”. -Stevenson (1908)
- 4. • “ Aproject is a bit of real life that has been imparted into the school”. -Ballard
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS To be aproject the learning activity must • Be problematic in nature • Aimed at a definite attainable goal • Purposeful, natural and lifelike in its procedure to attain the goal • Directed and planned by the students • Practical in nature, emphasis on a single concrete achievement • It should be evaluated objectively
- 6. PRINCIPLES • The principleof purpose. Knowledge of purpose is a great stimulus and motivates the child realize his goal. • The principle of activity. Children are active by nature. • The principle of experience. Experience is the best teacher. • The principle of social experience. The child is a social being and we have to prepare him for social life.
- 7. • The principleof freedom. The desire for an activity must be spontaneous and not force by the teacher. • The principle of utility. Knowledge will be worth while only when it is useful and practical.
- 8.
- 9. • Individual project; planned for each student or the same project may be individually solved by each student • Group project Planned for a class or a gropup
- 10. Classification of projectsaccording to the purpose and objectives • The producer type project for production of some physical materials( model preparation) • Learning project : project for the learning where the main aim is acquisition of some ability (making a fracture bed, cpr)
- 11. • The problemtype ; The project for intellectual development- emphasis is on student’s creative thinking(solving some patient problems) • The drill type ; To attain a certain degree of skills in a reaction
- 12. CRITERIA FOR SELECTINGPROJECT • Topic should have some educational value • Should not take overtime • Should be challenging in nature • Consider the cost and availability of materials • Whole course should not be planned using this method • Project should be selected according to the student’s interest
- 13. STEPS OF APROJECT METHOD CREATING SITUATION: • In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to the students in the class. • He puts up the knowledge about the project method procedure, steps, and uses to the students. • A project should arise out of a need felt by students and it should never be forced on them. • It should be purposeful and significant.
- 14. SELECTION OF THEPROBLEM: • The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them. • Students are having freedom to choose the topic or problem based on their interest and ability. • Before choosing the topic the principles should be taken in to an account.
- 15. PLANNING: • The teacherdiscuss with the students about the problem in various angles and points. After the free expression of the students’ opinion about the problem. • the teacher writes down the whole programme of action stepwise on the blackboard. • In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a guide and should give suggestions at times but actual planning be left to the students.
- 16. EXECUTION: • The studentsare stating their work in this step. • They are collecting the relevant information and materials at first. • The teacher should give the time and right to the students according to their own speed, interest and ability.
- 17. • During thisstep the teacher should carefully supervise the pupils in manipulative skills to prevent waste of materials and to guard accidents. • Teacher should constantly check up the relation between the chalked out plans and the developing project.
- 18. EVALUATION: • Evaluation ofthe project should be done both by the pupils and the teachers. • Here the students evaluating their task. • They determine whether the objects are achieved or not. • After that they criticize and express their feeling about the task freely. • The evaluation of the project has to be done in the light of plans, difficulties in the execution and achieved results
- 19. REPORTING AND RECORDING: •It is the last step of the project method in which each and every step of the work are reported. The reported things are recorded in a certain order in a book form.
- 20. • It shouldinclude the proposal, plan and its discussion, duties allotted to different students and how far they were carried out by them. • It should also include the details of places visited and surveyed guidance for future and all other possible details. • The book formatted report is submitted to the teacher at the end.
- 21. Merits • It arouseand maintain interest of the student • Keep the students on freedom of thoughts &action while doing the work • It provides the interest and ability of the student • It provides more creative constructive thinking of the student • It helps to know the individual differences
- 22. • Helps thestudents to think logically and scientifically • Facilitates the development of doing ability • Provides growth of individual through the activity • Teaches the student to evaluate and judge his finished work by comparing • Group project develops the team spirit
- 23. Disadvantages • This methodtakes a lot of time to plan and execute a single project. • It is not possible to design different projects for different topics and it is also not possible to cover all the topics or content in a single project. • For proper execution of a project, large number of financial resources are required.
- 24. • Such methodcan only be prove successful if the teacher is highly knowledgeable, alert and exceptionally gifted. • Systematic and adequate learning is not provided by this method, as it is a method of incidental learning. • Through this method, students learn only what is required by them in relation to the completion of the projects