Python Programming Course Presentations

PYTH N
PROGRAMMING
.py
REAMER
D

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language.
Python is known for its clean and expressive syntax.
INTRODUCTION
Python is an interpreted language, meaning that the code is
executed line by line by an interpreter.
Dynamically typed programming language.
Monika
Here
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WHY LEARN
PYTHON
BEGINNER
FRIENDLY
Overall,learningPythonequipsyouwithaversatileandin-demandskillset,
enablingyoutopursueawiderangeofcareeropportunitiesandefficiently
tacklevariousprogrammingtasks.
LIBRARIES
AND
FRAMEWORKS
WEB
DEVELOPMENT
AUTOMATION
IN DEMAND
SKILL
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TOP CAREER
OPPORTUNITIES IN
PYTHON
DEVELOPER
SOFTWARE
ENGINEER
DATA
SCIENTIST
MACHINE LEARNING
ENGINEER
FULL STACK
DEVELOPER
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TOP COMPANIES USING PYTHON
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Introduction Conditional statement
Installation Loops
2 8
1 7
WHAT WE WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE...
Program structure Jump statements
Variable List
4 10
3 9
Datatype Tuple
Operators Set
6 12
5 11
Dictionary
String
14
13
Functions
Modules
16
15
File handling
Exception handling
18
17
Oops concepts
19
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JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
HOW TO INSTALL PYTHON
AND

PROGRAM
STRUCTURE
num1 = 5
num2 = 3.7
# DEFINE THE NUMBERS
sum = num1 + num2
# ADD THE NUMBERS
print ("The sum of", num1, "and", num2, "is", sum)
# DISPLAY THE RESULT
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
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EX :-
LITERALS, KEYWORDS, IDENTIFIERS
Age = 32
EX :-
Value Type
is Integer
Literal / Value
Identifier
Literals in Python is defined as the raw data
assigned to variables or constants while
programming
Keywords in Python are reserved words that have predefined
meanings and functionalities within the Python programming
language. Here is some example of keywords in Python:
False, class, finally, is, return.
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For Example :-
Here, language is a variable (an identifier)
which holds the value 'Python'.
IDENTIFIERS
Identifiers are the name given
to variables, classes, methods,
etc.
Language = 'Python'
Variables
Classes
Methods
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INPUT AND OUTPUT
STATEMENT
VARIABLES
1
The print()
function is used to
display output.
Input() function is
used to accept
user input .
It is just like a container which is used to store
value. Variables can hold different types of data,
such as numbers, strings, lists.
VARIABLE NAMING RULES:
Variable names can contain letters, digits,
and underscores.
They cannot start with a digit.
Blank spaces are not allowed
Variable names are case-sensitive (x and X
are considered different variables).
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NUMERIC
DATA TYPES PYTHON DATA TYPE
Python
implements
multiple data
types.
Data type with
one of the two
built-in values,
True or False.
Data type determines the type of values
that a variable can hold and the
operations that can be performed on
those values.
INTEGER
COMPLEX NUMBER
FLOAT
DICTIONARY
BOOLEAN
SET
STRUCTURE
TYPE
STRING
LIST
TUPLE
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LOGICAL
MEMBERSHIP
ASSIGNMENT
ARITHMETIC
IDENTITY
COMPARISION
For Ex :- a + b
OPERATORS
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Operands
Operator
It is a symbol which is used to perform operation on operands

ARITHMETIC
COMPARISON
LOGICAL
OPERATOR
OPERATOR
OPERATOR
(+) Addition
(-) Subtraction
(*) Multiplication
(/) Division
(//) Floor Division
(%) Modulus
(**) Exponentiation
(>) Greater Than
(<) Smaller Than
(>=) Greater Than Equal
(<=) Less Than Equal
(==) Equal To
(!=) Not Equal To
(AND) Logical AND
(OR) Logical OR
(NOT) Logical NOT
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ASSIGNMENT
MEMBERSHIP
IDENTITY
OPERATOR
OPERATOR
OPERATOR
(=) (a=5)
(+=) (a+=5)
(-=) (a-=5)
(*=) (a*=5)
(/=) (a/=5)
(**=) (a**=5)
(//=) (a//=5)
In
Not In
Is
Is Not
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Conditional statements (if, else, and elif) are
fundamental programming constructs that allow
you to control the flow of your program based on
conditions that you specify. They provide a way to
make decisions in your program and execute
different code based on those decisions.
CONDITIONAL
STATEMENT
If Statement
If Else Statement
Elif Statement
Nested If Statement
TYPES
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IF
CONDITION
EXECUTE
STATEMENT/OPERATION
NEXT LINE OF
CODE
True
False
IF STATEMENT
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IF
CONDITION
BODY OF ELSE BODY OF IF
True
False
NEXT LINE OF
CODE
IF ELSE STATEMENT
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ELIF STATEMENT
STATEMENT 1
STATEMENT 2
STATEMENT 3
BODY OF ELSE
Test
Expression
1
Test
Expression
2
Test
Expression
3
STATEMENT JUST
BELOW
IF-ELSEIF
True
True
True
False
False
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NESTED IF STATEMENT
TRUE
FALSE TRUE
(else) (if)
CONDITION
1
CONDITION
2
FALSE
(inner else) (inner if)
STATEMENT 1
STATEMENT 2
STATEMENT 3
NEXT STATEMENT
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LOOP
A Loop is used to repeat a specific
block of code over and over again.
There are two main types
of loops.
For loop
While loop
FOR LOOP
WHILE LOOP
Syntax
while condition:
# Code block to be executed repeatedly
SYNTAX OF FOR LOOP IN
SEQUENCE
for item in iterable:
# Code block to be executed
repeatedly
SYNTAX FOR LOOP IN RANGE()
for variable in range(start, stop, step):
# Code block to be executed
repeatedly
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1 3
2
Break
Continue
Pass
The break statement is used to
terminate the loop immediately
when it is encountered.
BREAK STATEMENT
CONTINUE STATEMENT
PASS STATEMENT
The continue statement is used to skip
the current iteration of the loop and
the control flow of the program goes to
the next iteration.
CONTROL
STATEMENTS
4In Python programming, the pass
statement is a null statement which can be
used as a placeholder for future code.
JUMP STATEMENT
Syntax :-
break
Syntax :-
continue
Syntax :-
pass
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In Python, a list is a built-in data structure that allows
you to store a collection of items. It is an ordered and
mutable sequence, which means you can modify its
elements and the order of those elements.
LIST
A tuple is an immutable object, which means it cannot be
changed, and we use it to represent fixed collections of
items.
A Set in Python programming is an unordered collection data
type that is iterable, mutable and has no duplicate elements.
Dictionary in Python is a collection of keys values, used
to store data values like a map, which, unlike other data
types which hold only a single value as an element.
TUPLE
DICTIONARY
SET
Syntax :
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Syntax :
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Syntax :
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Syntax : my_dict = {"key1": value1, "key2":
value2, "key3": value3}
Sets are defined using curly braces {} or the set() function
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FUNCTION
A function is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. Functions help
in organizing code into logical and reusable units, making the code more modular
and easier to understand and maintain.
To define a function in Python, you use the def keyword followed by the function name
and parentheses.
FUNCTION DECLARATION
The syntax to declare a function is:
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Arguments are the values passed inside the parenthesis of the function. A
function can have any number of arguments separated by a comma.
def printme( str ):
#"This prints a passed string into this function"
print (str)
4 TYPES OF FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
Default argument
Keyword arguments (named arguments)
Positional arguments
Arbitrary arguments (variable-length arguments *args and **kwargs)
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
Syntax :
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Syntax :
lambda arguments : expression
The expression is executed and the result is returned:
LAMBDA
A lambda function is a small anonymous function.
A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but
can only have one expression.
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CreateasimplePythonmodule
ImportModuleinPython
Thefrom-importStatementinPython
RenamingthePythonmodule
MODULE
A Python module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. A module can
define functions, classes, and variables. A module can also include runnable code.
BUILT-IN MODULES
There are several built-in modules in Python, which you
can import whenever you like.
MATHS
RANDOM
OS
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FUNCTIONS USED IN FILE HANDLING
1
FILE HANDLING
File handling allows users to handle files i.e., to
read and write files, along with many other file
handling options, to operate on files.
open an existing
file for a read
operation.
OPERATIONS ON FILE
Create file
Read file
Write in file
Open()
Read()
Write()
MODES USED IN FILE HANDLING
2
close()
Readline()
Readlines()
r
open an existing file for
a write operation. If the
file already contains
some data then it will be
overridden but if the file
is not present then it
creates the file as well.
w a
open an existing file
for append operation.
It won’t override
existing data.
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EXCEPTION HANDLING
How to handle exceptions
using the try, except, and
finally statements.
How to create a custom
exception.
How to raise an exceptions.
WHAT ARE EXCEPTIONS?
An exception is an event that occurs during the
execution of programs that disrupt the normal flow
of execution An exception is a Python object that
represents an error..
ERRORS PAGE
WHAT ARE ERRORS?
An error is an action that is incorrect or inaccurate.
For example, syntax error. Due to which the program
fails to execute.
The errors can be broadly classified into two types:
Syntax errors
1.
Logical errors
2.
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Try : it contains that part of code where exception may
occur
Except block : its code execute when error occur in try block
Else: its code execute when no error occur in try block
(optional)
Finally : its code execute irrespective of try block (optional)
BLOCKS USED IN EXCEPTION HANDLING
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OBJECTS CLASS
INHERITANCE
ENCAPSULATION
ABSTRACTION
POLYMORPHISM
OOPS
CONCEPTS
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the
concept of "objects".
Python programming language supports different programming approaches like
functional programming, modular programming. One of the popular approaches
is object-oriented programming (OOP) to solve a programming problem is by
creating objects
OOPS CONCEPT
NOTE IT
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A class is a blueprint for the object. To
create an object we require a model or
plan or blueprint which is nothing but
class.
A class contains the properties
(attribute) and action (behavior) of the
object.
CLASS AND OBJECTS
For Ex :- we are objects of the
human class.
Classes are created by keyword
class.
Attributes are the variables that
belong to a class.
CREATING CLASS AND OBJECTS
Class ClassName:
# Statements
CLASS DEFINITION SYNTAX:
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OBJECTS
Object is an instance of a class. The physical existence of a class is nothing
but an object.
AN OBJECT CONSISTS OF:
STATE :- It is represented by the attributes of an object. It also
reflects the properties of an object.
BEHAVIOUR :- It is represented by the methods of an object. It also
reflects the response of an object to other objects.
IDENTITY :- It gives a unique name to an object and enables one object
to interact with other objects.
object = classname()
CREATING AN OBJECT
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Using self, we can access the instance variable and instance
method of the object.
Whenever we call an instance method through an object, the
Python compiler implicitly passes object reference as the
first argument commonly known as self.
It is not mandatory to name the first parameter as a self. We
can give any name whatever we like, but it has to be the first
parameter of an instance method.
SELF KEYWORD IN PYTHON
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A constructor is a special type of method used to initialize the object of
a Class. The constructor will be executed automatically when the object
is created. If we create three objects, the constructor is called three
times and initialize each object.
CONSTRUCTOR
SYNTAX OF A CONSTRUCTOR :-
def __init__(self):
# body of the constructor
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CLASS VARIABLES AND INSTANCE VARIABLES
CLASS METHOD AND INSTANCE METHOD
Instance variables : If the value of a variable varies from object to object, then
such variables are called instance variables.
Class Variables : A class variable is a variable that is declared inside of class, but
outside of any instance method or __init__() method.
Instance method : Used to access or modify the object state. If we use instance
variables inside a method, such methods are called instance methods. It must have a
self parameter to refer to the current object.
Class method : Used to access or modify the class state. In method implementation, if
we use only class variables, then such type of methods we should declare as a class
method. The class method has a cls parameter which refers to the class.
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A static method is bound to the class and not the object of
the class. Therefore, we can call it using the class name.
A static method doesn’t have access to the class and
instance variables because it does not receive an implicit
first argument like self and cls. Therefore it cannot modify
the state of the object or class.
STATIC METHODS
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TYPES OF INHERITANCE
INHERITANCE
The process of inheriting the properties of the parent class into a child class
is called inheritance. The existing class is called a base class or parent class
and the new class is called a subclass or child class or derived class.
SYNTAX :-
class BaseClass:
Body of base class
class DerivedClass(BaseClass):
Body of derived class
There are five types of inheritance. The type of
inheritance are listed below:
Single Inheritance
1.
Multiple Inheritance
2.
Multilevel Inheritance
3.
Hierarchical Inheritance
4.
Hybrid Inheritance
5.
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SINGLE
INHERITANCE
In single inheritance, a child class
inherits from a single-parent class.
Here is one child class and one parent
class.
MULTIPLE
INHERITANCE
In multiple inheritance, one child class
can inherit from multiple parent
classes. So here is one child class and
multiple parent classes.
PARENT
CLASS
CHILD
CLASS
PARENT
CLASS
CHILD
CLASS
PARENT
CLASS
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MULTILEVEL
INHERITANCE
In multilevel inheritance, a class inherits
from a child class or derived class.
Suppose three classes A, B, C. A is the
superclass, B is the child class of A, C is
the child class of B. In other words, we
can say a chain of classes is called
multilevel inheritance.
HIERARCHICAL
INHERITANCE
In Hierarchical inheritance, more than
one child class is derived from a single
parent class. In other words, we can
say one parent class and multiple child
classes.
PARENT
CLASS
CHILD
CLASS 1
CHILD
CLASS 2
PARENT
CLASS
CHILD
CLASS 1
CHILD
CLASS 2
CHILD
CLASS 3
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When inheritance is consists of multiple types or a combination of different
inheritance is called hybrid inheritance.
HYBRID
INHERITANCE
PARENT
CLASS
CHILD
CLASS 1
CHILD
CLASS 2
CHILD
CLASS 3
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In child class, we can refer to parent class by using the
super() function.
PYTHON SUPER() FUNCTION
BENEFITS OF USING THE SUPER() FUNCTION.
We are not required to remember or specify the parent class name to access
its methods.
We can use the super() function in both single and multiple inheritances.
The super() function support code reusability as there is no need to write the
entire function
c_name = super().company_name()
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In inheritance, all members available in the parent class are by
default available in the child class. If the child class does not satisfy
with parent class implementation, then the child class is allowed to
redefine that method by extending additional functions in the child
class. This concept is called method overriding.
METHOD OVERRIDING
SHAPE DRAW()
DRAW() DRAW() DRAW()
SQUARE CIRCLE HEXAGON
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Encapsulation in Python describes the concept of bundling data and
methods within a single unit. So, for example, when you create a
class, it means you are implementing encapsulation.
Encapsulation allows us to restrict accessing variables and methods
directly and prevent accidental data modification by creating
private data members and methods within a class.
ENCAPSULATION
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ACCESS MODIFIERS IN PYTHON
Access modifiers limit access to the variables and methods of a class. Python
provides three types of access modifiers private, public, and protected.
Class Employee :
def__init__(self, name, salary) :
self.name = name
self._project = project
self.__salary = salary
Public Member (accessible
within or outside of a class
Protected Member (accessible within
the class and it's sub-classes)
Private Member (accessible only
within a class)
DATA HIDING USING ENCAPSULATION
Public Member :- Accessible anywhere from outside of class.
Private Member :- Accessible within the class
Protected Member :- Accessible within the class and its sub-classes
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POLYMORPHISM IN BUILT-IN FUNCTION LEN()
POLYMORPHISM
polymorphism allows us to perform the same action in many different ways.
In polymorphism, a method can process objects differently depending on the
class type or data type.
LEN()
COUNT OF CHARACTER
COUNT OF ITEMS
COUNT OF KEYS
5
3
2
len (' Jessa ')
len ([10,'Emma',20])
len ({1 : 'J', 2 : 'K'})
String
List
Dictionary
POLYMORPHIC LEN()
FUNCTION
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The process by which data and functions are defined in such a way only
essential details can be seen and unnecessary implementations are hidden is
called data abstraction
Hiding complex implementations details and showing only signatures to users
ABSTRACTION
ABSTRACT CLASS:-
A class which contains one or more abstract methods and concrete methods.
Abstract class must have atleast one abstract methods.
An abstract class can be considered as blueprint for others classes.
A class which is inherited from ABC class.
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IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
You can’t instantiate abstract class.
Abstract class requires at least one method abstract.
All abstract methods present in abstract class must be implemented in child
Classes .Else, child class become abstract.
If there is abstract method in class, that class must be abstract class
ABSTRACT METHOD:-
Method that has a declaration but does not have an implementation.
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