Q3L11 -Sleep disorders

Q3L11 -Sleep disorders

• 1.
  Sleep Disorders
• 2.
  Insomnia Sleep ApneaNarcolepsy Hypersomnia
• 3.
  Insomnia Refers todifficulties in going to sleep and, less commonly, in staying asleep. Appears twice as many women than men In the US, 15-20% of population and more than half a billion dollars a year on medication Appears to be caused by factors such as stressful events, emotional disturbances, use of drugs, change of sleep schedule. Stress tends to be most common cause in late teens and early adults.
• 4.
  Treatment (Drugs) Non-prescriptivedrug – little or no sleep inducing capabilities Prescription drugs (benzodiazepines or minor tranquilisers) – can be helpful, but can also cause rebound insomnia when withdrawn. Research show drugs should last no longer than two weeks to avoid drug dependence.
• 5.
  Tips Maintain regularsleep schedule Avoid excessive amounts of time in bed Use relaxation techniques before going to bed (warm baths, meditation, soothing music) – but not in bed Exercise during the day but not just before bedtime Avoid stimulants and depressants Make your room sleep friendly! Quiet and dark; earplugs.
• 6.
  Sleep Apnea Affects40% of elderly people. Causes the sleeping individual to stop breathing for periods of 20 sec to 2 minutes. Windpipe closes or the brain centres that control breathing are not functioning properly Link to obesity - Excess body fat on the neck and chest constricts the air-passageways and sometimes the lungs. By day – normal breathing. Each night – cycles not breathing, waking slightly to gulp in air and falls back asleep.. May be hundreds of times without awareness Tend to experience daytime drowsiness, very loud snoring Especially dangerous during infancy – suspected of being one cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) – the most frequent cause of death amongst infants under 12 months
• 7.
  Treatment Can beattached to a monitor that sounds an alarm when he or she stops breathing Surgical procedures such as enlarging the upper airway passages of the nose, removing the uvula Sprays to shrink tissues lining the throat Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device
• 8.
  Narcolepsy Irresistible andsudden sleep attacks lasting from a few minutes to half an hour. These instant periods of sleep are usually accompanied by muscular relaxation, when the person may simply fall asleep or collapse. Wakefulness -> REM… skipping other stages Causes unknown, but appears genetic One in every 2000 Some appear able to continue automatic behaviours like driving a car satisfactorily for a few kilometres without awareness.
• 9.
  Hypersomnia Less urgentsleep attacks, but longer in duration than those in narcolepsy Causes a person to experience either excessive daytime drowsiness or to have nocturnal sleep periods of longer than average duration. Likely to be inherited Thought to be caused by disruption to the hypothalamic sleep centres which results in a failure of the turn on and turn off mechanisms that regulate sleep
• 10.
  Treatments No cureexists Stimulants manage symptoms to some extent