RAJASTHAN NH class for candy large software

RAJASTHAN NH class for candy large software

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  Case Study on BlackSpot-on Jaipur Kishangarh Section on National Highway - 48 in Rajasthan SUBMITTED BY: MOHIT KUMAWAT SUBMITTED TO: DR. AMIT GOEL RESEARCH METHODOLGY
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  Introduction  In recentpast, number of initiatives were taken by the Government of India to minimize the road accidents on Highways with main focus on the National Highways (NHs).  In the lines of the initiatives, Ministry developed a protocol for identification of Black Spots and issued certain directions to the various States to mitigate the measures of the Black Spots based on frequency of the accidents in past years.  Based on these mitigation measures such as short- and long-term measures are being taken up. The short-term measures involve construction of rumble strip, providing & fixing road signages, delineators, studs and road marking.  The long-term measures such as construction of appropriate structures viz. Flyover, Vehicular Underpass, widening of road etc. (Source- National Crime Bureau Report ,2020) Fig. Vehicle wise Road Accident Death during 2020
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  REVIEW OF LITERATURE Many researchers in the field of transportation engineering have carried out the works related to Black Spot and published their Methodology, Observations and Conclusions. Some of important studies are summarized in this section.  They observed that major accidents are happened on blind curves and intersections due to higher speed and overt-taking of vehicles.  They suggested that providing speed breaker, strong parapets and other retaining structures, widening of blind curves could helped in improving safety aspects.  Nivea John, analysed the Black Spots on West fort Kunnmkulam road section of State Highway-69 in Kerala considering Weighted- Severity Index method and identification of Blackspots were done by Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS).  They suggested using appropriated speed and constant maintenance of road section along with improving deficiencies geometries  After doing study, they find that maximum road accidents of two-wheelers taken placed due to not wearing of helmet and riding at higher speed.
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  ABOUT STUDY AREA National Highway No 48 having a length of 2630 km is important route connecting various cities/towns of Delhi, Haryana , Rajasthan , Gujrat , Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nādu .  Study area falls under Jaipur - Kishangarh Section (From Km 273.500 to Km 363.885= 90.385 Km) which is first stretch which was upgraded as a part of the Golden Quadrilateral under National Highway Development Program (NHDP).  The section was upgraded and developed by NHAI in year 2002 under Build Owned Transfer (BOT) Toil.  Presently the section having six laned carriageway .
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  OBJECTIVES  The objectivesof the study are:  Identification of accident blackspot at identified road section.  Investigation of design deficiencies of the selected road section.  To recommend suitable solutions to reduce road accidents and traffic congestions .
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  SCOPE OF THESTUDY  Although the improvement works were taken up during upgradations and development of the project road during Six laning but some of the intersections at identified locations become all time congested due to increased traffic and also ribbon development of commercial and habitations on both the side of intersections.  From past three years accidental data showed that road side accidents near intersections are increased due to plying of mix type traffic and its deficient geometrical deficiencies.  Hence there is a need to analyze the present condition with respect to applicable policies and codes and suggest improvement / revival measures to be undertaken considering time availability.  I have to limit my work on finding the issues pertaining to the redesigning of selected intersections and recommending measures for increasing the safety aspect of the project road.  This paper presents a detailed study of safety audit at intersection near Bhankrota (Km 278.250 to 278.550).
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  METHODOLOGY  Methodology incorporatesintroduction visual inspection, collection of accidental data, Study of accidental data and identify the Black Spot and safety audit that has been done.  There are two types of data collected i.e primarily data and secondary data.  Primary data collected during the site inspection and secondary data collected from nearby police stations and road authority.  Accidental data collected is for period January 2019 to December 2021 and had been further processed as per standard format.  Being mixed traffic scenario there is always possibility of occurring accidents. It is also observed that Pedestrian and two-wheeler traffic is always under threat. Road users cross ring the road in haphazard manner.
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  OBSERVATIONS DURING STUDY While study, a detailed reconnaissance was carried out and the existing layout of the intersection near Bhankrota village on NH-48 was studied. The road safety audit has been carried out and following observations were made:  This is a three-legged intersection located on Six laned carriageway with service road in both sides.  Accidents data revealed that most of accidents was occurred due to overspeed of vehicles approaching the intersection.  In absence of refuge island, it was difficult for pedestrians to cross over the road.  The turning radius is not sufficient causing difficulties for traffic movement towards the road leading to Jaisinghpura village.  Although the intersection is signalized but it is observed that road commuter often jumping the signal.  There is lack of necessary road signages at intersection location.
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  OBSERVATIONS DURING STUDY From past three years accident trends shows that accident occurred at the junction is due to lack of proper pedestrian facility, wrong parking of Vehicles in front of Shops, obstruction of sight distance and over speeding of two-wheeler.  The separator island between service road and main carriageway are damages at many locations in both sides resulting reckless movements of pedestrian and two-wheeler.  There is no provision of authorized parking near intersection encouraging haphazard unregulated on- street parking, which is likely to affect the capacity and safety of the intersection.  The opening/access of the side road leading to Jaisinghpura village is very near to junction causing increased the number of conflicts.
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  RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Road safety analysis conducted on the Black Spot near Bhankrota village and following short- and long-term measures are suggested to remove the black spot: and enhancing road safety aspects.  Short -term measures:-  Speed of vehicles approaching the intersection need to be reduced by providing Transvers Bar marking (TBM) on major carriageways of NH-48 as per IRC: 35 -2015 and also provide rumble strips as per IRC:99-2018.  Road marking as per IRC 35:2015 need to be done to instruct the drivers about the road. while doing audit road marking work has been made. Pedestrian crossing marking as shown in base plan need to be marked.  Pedestrian crosswalks at mid blocks could be designed at an angle than being at 180 degrees straight angle. Providing crosswalks at an angle would promote better visibility to both the pedestrian as well the coming vehicle.
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  RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Provided marked parallel parking bays along the road wherever possible to discourage unregulated and haphazard on-street parking.  Replacement of Fixed Time traffic control signals/Flashing Amber with vehicle actuated signals to improve the safety as well as capacity of the junction during odd (off-peak) hours. Traffic signals are provided with primary, secondary, cantilever signal heads to be visible enough to be seen by all drivers and provided with pedestrian phases in the signal.  The approach road lending to Jaisinghpura village need to be realigned brought nearly perpendicular to enhance the visibility of approaching side road traffic.
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  RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Long- term Measures:-  As a long-term measures, it is proposed to construct the 6-lane flyover of following features is to provide ensuring uninterrupted movement of traffic.  Elevated structure with underpass - 4 span @30 m each.  Length of Retaining wall-360 m (Ajmer side- 215 m+ Jaipur side -145 m) .  Foundation- Pile foundation.  Sub Structure- RCC Solid Circular Abutment .  Super Structure- PSC Box Girder .
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  Conclusion  Safety aspectsof intersections is utmost essential. The deficiency in the design were observed and the measures for improvements were suggested.  The study suggests that without major demolition of the existing infrastructure, the improvement measures may be implemented on site.