Rational Drug use - Group 5 presentation 2.0 bello edit

Rational Drug use - Group 5 presentation 2.0 bello edit

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  GROUP 5 PRESENTATION8/31/2016 1
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  GROUP MEMBERS • MATHEWSMUSOWA :Bpharm 14/01/002019 • ITAVELENI NAUKUSHU :Bpharm 14/01/002199 • BELLO KALWAKU :Bpharm 14/01/002170 • ALBERT CHITESHE :Bpharm 14/01/001808 • MILUMBE KATOWA :Bpharm 14/01/002180 8/31/2016 2
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  OBJECTIVES • Define rationaluse of medicines and identify the magnitude of the problem • Understand the reasons and factors underlying irrational use of drugs. • Discuss the impact of irrational drug use • Discuss strategies and interventions to promote rational use of medicines • Discuss the role of government, NGOs, donors and WHO in solving drug use problems 8/31/2016 3
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  WHAT IS RATIONALDRUG USE: • The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. 8/31/2016 4
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  WHAT IS ADRUG, MEDICICE AND WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? 8/31/2016 5 A drug- is any substance other than food, that when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin or dissolved under the tongue causes a physiological change in the body and is a substance that is often considered narcotic, hallucinogen or a stimulant. A medicine- is any substance that is designed to prevent or treat diseases. Difference • Drugs can cause stupefaction. • Medicine does not cause stupefaction. • Addiction to drugs can be harmful. • Medicine do not cause addiction.
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  THIS CONSISTS OF: •correct drug • appropriate indication • appropriate drug considering efficacy, safety, suitability for the patient, and cost • appropriate dosage, administration, duration 8/31/2016 6
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  Cont: • no contraindications •correct dispensing, including appropriate information for patients • patient adherence to treatment. 8/31/2016 7
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  FACTORS AND REASONSTHAT INFLUENCE USE OF MEDICINES. Treatment Choices Prior Knowledge Habits Scientific Information Relationships With Peers Influence of Drug Industry Workload & Staffing Infra- structure Authority & Supervision Societal Information Intrinsic Workplace Workgroup Social & Cultural Factors Economic & Legal Factors 8/31/2016 8
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  REASONS 8/31/2016 9 • Lackof information • Faulty & inadequate training & education of medical graduates • Poor communication between health professional & patient • Lack of diagnostic facilities/Uncertainty of diagnosis • Demand from the patient • Defective drug supply system & ineffective drug regulation • Promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries
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   DRUG PURCHASESTHROUGH THE PRIVATE SECTOR  50-90% of all drug purchases are private -25% to 75% illness episodes self-medicated -1/2 consumers buy 1-day supply at a time -50% of people worldwide fail to take drugs correctly  Results not always therapeutic -Over-treatment of mild illness -Inadequate treatment of serious illness -Mis-use of anti-infective drugs -Over-use of injections8/31/2016 10
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  IMPACT OF IRRATIONALUSE OF DRUGS 8/31/2016 11 • Adverse, possibly lethal effects • Limited efficacy • Antibiotic resistance • Drug dependence • Risk of infection • Waste of resources
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  MALARIA CHOROQUINE RESISTANCE IN81/92 COUNTRIES TUBERCULOSIS 2 - 40 % PRIMARY MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE GONORRHEA 5 - 98 % PENICILLIN RESISTANCE IN N. GONORRHOEAE PNEUMONIA AND BACTERIAL MENINGITIS 12 - 55 % PENICILLIN RESISTANCE IN S. PNEUMONIAE  OVER USE AND MIS-USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS CONTRIBUTES TO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE. 8/31/2016 12
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  13 Economic:  Offer incentives –Institutions – Providers and patients Managerial:  Guide clinical practice – Information systems/STGs – Drug supply / lab capacity Regulatory:  Restrict choices – Market or practice controls – Enforcement Educational:  Inform or persuade – Health providers – Consumers Use of Medicines STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE USE OF DRUGS 8/31/2016
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  WHY DOES IRRATIONALUSE CONTINUE?  Very few countries regularly monitor drug use & implement effective nation-wide interventions - because… • they have insufficient funds or personnel. • they lack awareness about the funds wasted through irrational use. • there is insufficient knowledge of concerning the cost-effectiveness of interventions. 8/31/2016 14
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  Choosing an Intervention •A single educational strategy is often not effective and does not have a sustainable impact. • Printed materials alone are not effective. • Combination of strategies, particularly of different types (e.g. educational + managerial) always produces better results than a single strategy. • Focused small groups and face to face interactive workshops have been shown to the effective. • Audit and feedback, peer review, are very effective. • Economic strategies are very powerful strategies to change drug use but may be difficult to introduce. 8/31/2016 15
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  IDENTIFYING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIESTO PROMOTE MORE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS . • Joint research initiative between Organisation. – It has been proven that research projects in developing countries is effective in promoting (RUD) • WHO database on drug use – quantitative data on drug use and interventions to improve drug use over the last decade 8/31/2016 16
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  1. Evidence-based standardtreatment guidelines. 2. Essential Drug Lists based on treatments of choice. 3. Drug & Therapeutic Committees in hospitals. 4. Problem-based training in pharmacotherapy in UG training. 5. Continuing medical education as a licensure requirement. 6. Independent drug information e.g bulletins, formularies 7. Supervision, audit and feedback. 8. Public education about drugs. 9. Avoidance of perverse financial incentives. 10. Appropriate and enforced drug regulation. 10 NATIONAL STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE RUD (needs sufficient govt. investment for medicines & staff !) 8/31/2016 17
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   WHO PRIORITIES •Developing a model formulary process, the WHO Essential Drugs Library • Training programmes • Promoting drug & therapeutic committees • Pilot projects to contain antimicrobial resistance • Intervention research to promote RUD – cost-effectiveness of interventions, policies • Advocacy for the rational use of drugs (RUD) – Essential Drug Monitor, effective drug information. 8/31/2016 18
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  THANK YOU !!!!!!!! THIRDYEARSECOND SEMESTER CLASS 2016 8/31/2016 19