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Raynauds disease
- 2. Raynaud's isa rare disorder that affects the arteries. Raynaud's is also called a disease, syndrome, or phenomenon. Vasospasm, which is a narrowing of the blood vessels. Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to the fingers and toes. Also may occur at the tip of ears and nose.
- 5. Primary Raynaud’s/ Raynaud’s disease the causes is not known.(idiopathic) Secondary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s phenomenon where the causes are known.
- 6. Cold temperature Stress Blood vessels in spasm
- 7. ETIOLOGY OF SECONDARYRAYNAUD’S Scleroderma Lupus (Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body (skin, joints, and/or organs inside the body). Rheumatoid arthritis
- 8. Sjogren's syndrome Diseases of the arteries. Carpal tunnel syndrome(it is numbness, tingling, weakness, and other problems in hand because of pressure on the median nerve in your wrist)
- 9. Repetitive actions Hand and foot injuries Medicines Smoking
- 10. PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S Gender Age Family history Living area climate
- 11. Expose to cold/ triggering factor Small arteries at fingers and toes vasospasm Become pale, less blood flow and low O2 supply Warm up (arteries dilate) Blood flow increase, high O2 supply Color change to bright red Affected area is warm and throbbing pain
- 12. $ During theRaynaud’s attack, arteries become narrow and no blood supply to the area, this will cause : # Turn pale or white and then blue # Feel numb, cold, or painful # Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb as blood flows back to the affected area
- 14. Cold StimulationTest Nailfold Capillaroscopy Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or "sed rate") C-reactive protein (CRP) tests
- 15. Medical treatment @Calcium channel blockers -- Norvasc @ Alpha blockers -- Prazosin @ Vasodilators -- Losartan (Cozaar)
- 16. Surgical treatment @Nerve surgery--- sympathectomy @ Chemical injection @ Amputation.
- 17. Complete lost ofblood to the digits will cause: deformities of fingers and toes gangrene ulcer
- 18. Stop smoking Exercise Control stress Avoid caffeine Take care of feet and hand Dress warmly outdoors
- 20. NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffectiveperipheral tissue perfusion related to lack of blood supply to extremities. GOAL: Increased arterial blood supply to extremities.
- 21. NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE Assess the patientfor the blood circulation,colour and sensation at the extremities. For further investigation and treatment. Apply warm compress at the affected area To promote good blood circulation Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator, calcium channel blockers and alpha blockers To vasodilate the blood vessel and increase blood supply to the extremities Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart) To observe for any further complication Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during work Muscular exercises promotes blood flow and the development of collateral circulation
- 22. EVALUATION : Patientsextremities are warm to touch, improve in colour and no complain of numbness .
- 23. NURSING DIAGNOSIS :Anxiety related to disease process. GOAL : To reduce the anxiety level of patient
- 24. NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE Asses the patient’sanxiety level by observing clients behavior e.g crying facial expression and anxious. For further investigation Reinforce doctor’s explainations to patient by using the non medical term To increase the understanding of patient about the disease. Provide moral and emotional support to patient To provide patient psychological comfort Encourage diversional theraphy e.g watching tv, listening songs To deviate client’s mind away from the disease and to avoid patient get mentally stress
- 25. EVALUATION : Patient’sanxiety level decrease and client is more clear about the disease.
- 26. NURSING DIAGNOSIS :Deficient knowledge regarding self- care activities. GOAL : The patient will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease.
- 27. NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE Assess client knowledgelevel For the nurses to give adequate health education to the client Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises. To promote the blood flow to the affected area Advise patient to place the fingers or toe under the warm water during the attack. The warm water will vasodilate and encourage the blood flow. Advise patient to stop smoking Reducing the risk factor may reduce symptoms or slow the disease progression Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings Constrictive clothing and accessories impede circulation.
- 28. EVALUATION : Clientis able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education given.
- 29. Raynaud's sometimesis called a disease, syndrome, or phenomenon. Is a narrowing of the blood vessels. Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to the fingers and toes. In people who have Raynaud's, the disorder usually affects the fingers. In about 40 percent of people who have Raynaud's, it affects the toes. Rarely, the disorder affects the nose, ears, nipples, and lips.
- 30. Has twotype of raynaud that is primary and secondary raynaud disease In both types of Raynaud's, even mild or brief changes in temperature can cause Raynaud's attacks. People with severe Raynaud's can develop skin sores or gangrene from prolonged or repeated Raynaud's attacks. It can be treated e.g. by placing the hand under warm water to vasodilate
- 31. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/raynauds- disease/DS00433/DSECTION http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/arti cle/000412.htm http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/77/Raynau d-s-disease.html http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/r aynauds.html
- 32. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/rayna ud/ray_diagnosis.html http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176713. php-raynaud disease http://agedcareact.wordpress.com/2007/11/13/wha t-is-raynauds-disease/ - raynaud disease http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_conditio n_info_details.asp?disease_id=110&channel_id=2 022&relation_id=16665 –raynaud disease http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/raynauds- disease/DS00433.html -raynaud disease
- 33. Brunner &Suddarth’s textbook of medical – surgical nursing, 12th edition. Pearson International edition medical – surgical nursing, 4th edition. Joyce.M & Jane Hokanson Hawks medical – surgical nursing, 8th edition.