READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY INTRODUCTION

Readings of
Philippines
History
BY:
F
Class

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit, the students will be able to:
1. understand the meaning of history as an academic
discipline;
2. identify the underlying philosophy and methodology of the
field;
3. apply the knowledge in historical methods and philosophy in
assessing and analyzing existing historical narratives;
4. examine and evaluate the value of historical evidence and
sources critically; and
5. appraise the importance of history in the social and
national life of the Philippines

Lesson 1
Objectives:
define history &
trace its
development as
a field of study;
examine the issues
surrounding the
historical
discipline; and
evaluate the importance
and function of history.
LESSON
1

KEY CONCEPTS
History as defined &
History as a subject matter
LESSON
1
Positivism, Historiography & Historicism
Questions & Issues of History

History was derived from the Greek word historia,
which means knowledge acquired through inquiry
or investigation.
- is narratives.
- is the study of people, actions, decisions,
interactions and behaviours.
History is a discipline or a field of study and
investigation that is primarily concerned with
human activities done in the past.
D
E
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
N


History helps us understand people and societies

History helps us understand change and how the
society we live in came to be

The importance of history in our own lives

History contributes to moral understanding

History provides identity

Studying history is essential for good citizenship

History develop the student’s skills

History is useful in the world of work
P
U
R
P
O
S
E
/
I
M
P
O
R
T
A
N
C
E

Lesson Summary
 History is the study of human activities in
the past. This definition makes history a
unique discipline.
 The meaning and characteristics of
history changed from the ancient period
to the present. These changes were
dependent on the purposes that history
served:

Lesson Summary
 History is a scientific discipline that relies
on different sources.
 Several issues revolve around the
meaning and function of history as a
discipline. These issues relate to different
aspects of the discipline, such as
meaning, method, and use.

Lesson
Objectives
2
LESSON
1
LESSON
2
Examinethehistorian’sroleintheproductionofhistorical
knowledge;
Considerthechallengesthatconfronthistoriansinthe
conductoftheirjob;
Differentiatehistoryasaprofessionvis-a-visothermeanings
ofhistory;and
Identifyhowhistoricalinterpretationisaffectedbyfactors
likebiasandsubjectivity.

KEY
CONCEPTS
Bias/
Subjectivity
2
Historical
Interpretation
Historian
Objectivity of the
Historians

History of Philippines
2
 Historiansproducehistoricalknowledgethroughrigoroushistorical
researchthatinvolvesfindingandinterpretinghistoricalsourcesand
evidence.
 Historiansareinevitablyinfluencedbycontextandcircumstances.Their
contextmayinformthewaythattheyconducthistoricalresearch.
 Despitetheinherentsubjectivityofthehistorian,historicalknowledge
canstillbescientificbyadheringtorigoroushistoricalmethodologyand
throughcollaborationwithpeersinthediscipline.

Objectives:
differentiate
between
primary
and
secondary
sources;
distinguish
the
importance
of both
types of
sources;
demonstrate
the ability to
conduct
external and
internal
criticisms;
and
LESSON
3
relate methods of
external and
internal criticism
to the goal of
identifying
historical truth
and avoiding false
historical claims

KEY
CONCEPTS
Primary Sources
Internal
Criticism
External
criticism.
Secondary
Sources

Lesson Summary
Primary and secondary sources serve different functions, and both are important for
historians and students of history.
Primary sources are important representations of the past that are analyzed and
interpreted by historians. For a source to be classified as primary, it should be
produced in the same period as the subject or by eyewitnesses present in the period
being studied.
Secondary sources are historical texts read by students to gain historical knowledge
and by historians as related texts to their research.These sources are products of
historians' work using primary sources.
Historians should employ internal and external criticism to debunk false historical
claims such as the Code of Kalantiaw and Marcos' fake war medals.

Lesson
Objectives
LESSON
1
LESSON
4
Describe and trace the development of
history as a discipline in the Philippines;
relate how historical context influences
the way history is written and
interpreted; and
differentiate the way colonizers and
Filipinos perceive history at different
periods.

KEY
CONCEPTS
Pantayong Pananaw
4 Kasaysayan
Illustrados
Nationalist Historiography

4
Philippine historiography transformed from one historical period to
another. These changes reflect the dominant discourse of the time.
The Spanish colonizers viewed Philippine history as divided into two
parts: the period of darkness and the period of light. They considered
the period before their arrival as dark because of the lack of civilization,
while marking their appearance as the dawn of light because they brought
in the Christian faith and culture. The Americans also used history to
justify what they called their "benevolent assimilation."

4
The propagandistas and the Katipuneros held a tripartite view of history. The first
period was a period of prosperity, the second period brought about by colonization was a
period of darkness, and the period after colonization will be a period of freedom and
redemption.
.
Nationalist historiography emerged as a reaction to the colonial interpretation of
history. Nationalist historians aimed at placing the masses at the center of history.
Pantayong Pananaw is the philosophical guide of bagong kasaysayan. It underscores the
importance of fostering internal dialogue among the people in writing and teaching
history. P.P. adheres to the use of Filipino to reach wider audiences among the non-
English-speaking people.

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY INTRODUCTION

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