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Recipes to make your own city smart
Smart cities aim to empower communities and citizens to help shape and improve their cities through new technologies and approaches. Traditionally, cities have been managed in a top-down manner without much citizen input, but smart cities seek to change this by facilitating new ways for citizens, government, and other groups to communicate and collaborate. Making this transition will be difficult as old systems decline but new tools like social networks and crowdfunding can help engage communities and support grassroots innovation.
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Recipes to make your own city smart
- 1. Smart Cities andCommunities Recipes to make your own city smart (instead of waiting for others to fix it) Edoardo Calia, Deputy Director – ISMB @edocalia Torino, May 10 2013
- 3. Smart City model SmartEconomy Smart Mobility Smart Living Smart Governance Smart Environment
- 4. The central roleof communities • Turning a city into a smart one cannot be done with a top down approach • Smart services require smart users (which does not mean technologists: just people who care about their city, its environment and the other citizens) • Users are not limited to citizens: smart cities are made by smart communities
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- 6. We often don'tlike our cities • What we do today (dumb cities) 1. Realize that services are poorly organized and not working 2. Complain because we pay (taxes) for things that do not work the way we want / need 3. Assume we cannot do anything 4. Accept with resignation that nothing ever happens / improves (more complaining here) 5. Goto 1
- 7. We often don'tlike our cities • Today's dumb cities – Citizens and decision makers (funders, politicians) are very far from each other – There is no efficient and trusted way to communicate with the institutions, inform them about problems, receive replies/info – We all have the impression to be excluded from the decision processes – We do not have a central role in the city design/management. We passively live there.
- 8. But things canchange! (believe me) • Tomorrow (smart cities) – Citizens and decision makers (funders, politicians) are all part of the game – There are efficient and trusted ways to communicate with the institutions, inform them about problems, receive replies/info – Everybody has a clear vision of where resources are going, how they are used – Everybody feels safe contributing
- 9. Things will changebecause... • The traditional way cities and services are managed has failed. It's just in front of us • Resources are scarce (particularly public resources) • With no resources, the PA is losing power • Private capital and money is the only way out... • ... but efficiency and transparency must be guaranteed • Young generations believe they can change the world (just because they can)
- 10. A hard transition •The transition from inefficiency and excess of public subsidies to efficiency and targeted government incentives will be hard • Many industries and business will disappear (lots of jobs lost), just because they make no sense in today's world (unfortunately it was very clear long ago, when there was still time for a smooth transition) • Public support in this phase is a must, but resources are not available
- 11. A hard transition •The transition from inefficiency and excess of public subsidies to efficiency and targeted government incentives will be hard • Many industries and business will disappear (lots of jobs lost), just because they make no sense in today's world (unfortunately it was very clear long ago, when there was still time for a smooth transition) • Public support in this phase is a must, but resources are not available
- 12. In the meantime,a whole new world is quietly starting Efficiency Jobs mobility Startups "Failing is ok" Risk sharing "PermanentBeta" Create your own job Transparency Collaboration
- 13. In the meantime,a whole new world is quietly starting Efficiency Jobs mobility Startups "Failing is ok" Risk sharing "PermanentBeta" Create your own job Transparency Collaboration
- 14. A new, smartsociety • Young generations know about Information Technologies, at least as users • They are "always on" • Smart cities must leverage the power of new tools: the users are ready! • Social networks offer great support to create and maintain personal and professional relationships facilitating groups & communities aggregation
- 15. Social Networks • Newways to create and manage your own identity • The Internet Galaxy metaphor • Reputation as a capital • Reputation mechanisms objectives • Impact of reputation on business • Social scoring platforms
- 16. Manage your onlineidentity • In the beginning of the Internet people used to build anonymous profiles. Some used it as a real identity, others sat behind a fake ID • Facebook message: if you want to hide your ID, there must be something wrong / to hide • Dating sites: we build our identity in order to appear as we would like to be (seen)
- 17. Manage your onlineidentity • In face-to-face relationships we group friends, colleagues etc in separated sets • Social networks tend to mix these sets in order to create as many relationships as possible, making it much more difficult to maintain isolated, closed groups • It is like a wedding banquet where friends, family, colleagues sit in the same room. Even if we try to keep them separate (Google+ groups) they see each other, they interact in a way which we cannot really control • Our online identity must be designed to be acceptable enough to be shown in different groups
- 18. Internet Galaxy Metaphor (ManuelCastell) MoonNeptune Barnard's star Sirius sharing connectivity
- 19. Internet Galaxy Metaphor (ManuelCastell) MoonNeptune Barnard's star Sirius sharing connectivity
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- 21. Online reputation • Likereputation in general, it is a capital – It takes long time to be built – It can be easily destroyed • Reputation is different from – Prestige, because it does not involve hierarchy – Esteem, because it also influences economics – Interpersonal trust, because it is collective – Influence, because it doesn't necessarily have an impact on choices or behaviour
- 22. Online reputation andsocial media • Social media are ideal to build and spread online reputation due to their: – Transparency – Accountability (prize and punishment mechanisms) – Interconnection (spreading across network connections) • Online reputation can be applied to objects or people – Amazon, eBay, TripAdvisor, RateMyProfessor, Glassd oor Courtesy of Ivana Pais, "La rete che lavora"
- 23. Online reputation objectives •Trust building: reputation encourages fair behavior • Filtering: most relevant contributions can be easily identified • Meeting: people with similar interests can meet • Loyalty gaining: once you have built a (good) reputation, you don't want to leave the system
- 24. Online reputation andbusiness • Gaining a good online reputation becomes a competition which can affect your business success • An eBay seller with good reputation sells the same items for a cost 8% higher than a new user • Studies are being carried out (Alessandro Gandini) to verify the connection between creative freelance workers' online reputation and their salaries
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- 26. Social Mobility andSocial Networks • The traditional model: strong impact of starting conditions on social mobility • The new vision: social mobility mostly depends on individual abilities and merits • A new tag cloud: Permanent beta, empowerment, failure culture, fast evoution, network • Everybody's career should be managed as a startup (Hoffman – Casnocha 2012) • Social Networks: the new social escalator?
- 27. Government and Market •Historically played a key role in most of social issues providing a safe employment context • Today: informal regulation based on networked logic mechanisms • Government still has a fundamental role in providing enabling infrastructures and services, but can't any more help solving unemployment and similar problems
- 28. Professional and organizational identityseparation • Hoffman & Casnocha: excessive emotional attachment to your company makes you lose opportunities • Employers are aware of this: they want the best from their emloyees but in a limited time: they don't count any more on very long cooperation relationships • The best employees are those who are more dynamic in the job market
- 29. Prosumers • Producer, Consumer,Prosumer • The customer participates to all product creation phases • Started with information-related and intangible products (Wikipedia, Youtube, Open source SW) • Today: physical objects and products (makers, open source HW)
- 30. The third industrialrevolution • Democratization of competences: pro-am – Amateur professionals or professional amateurs – They are not professionals, but they like to be considered professionals • Access to information is made easy by technologies commonly available • Everybody can pretend to be a professional • Are the pro-ams going to invade the reign of experts? Common in journalism (@tigella)
- 31. 3D Printing • Atechnology that has been around for a while, but in these years is experiencing a larger diffusion due to the availability of smaller, cheaper, do-it-yourself printers – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aafp7EnzmOY – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7GXgAm7sBo • One of the most common tools found in Makers' Labs (FabLab etc)
- 32. FabLabs • A fablab (fabrication laboratory) is a small- scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication • Generally equipped with an array of flexible computer controlled tools that cover several different length scales and various materials, with the aim to make "almost anything" • This includes technology-enabled products generally perceived as limited to mass production. (Wikipedia)
- 33. FabLabs • The fablab program was started in the Media Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) • Research groups exploring how the content of information relates to its physical representation, and how a community can be powered by technology at the grassroots level.
- 34. Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding •Crowdsourcing: the value of participation is becoming a powerful resource for the future of business (Howe) • Wikinomics: mass collaboration which will change the world • Examples: Building the Statue of Liberty, the Goldcorp Challenge (1999), Moonwatch System
- 35. Cambiamo Tutto! • Abook recently published by Riccardo Luna, one of the most known personalities in the startup/collaboration/innovation areas
- 36. Crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and socialnetworks • The main difference between social networks for freelance or microworking and crowdsourcing is the actual participation of the community to a common goal/project instead of simply dividing work among different autonomous workers/professionals • Example: Openwear in Italy, creation of fashion garments under a Creative Commons License. Non commercial brand, self- production, economical + ecological + social sustainability
- 37. Crowdfunding • Reward-based: fundersare donors, and they get from the project a reward in the form of a sample/prototype of the result, a special edition, a meeting with the authors/designers etc • Equity-based: funders get shares of the company originated from the project
- 38. Crowdfunding • Tim Scharfer:400K$ in 7 hrs, 1M$ in 24hr, 3,336,371$ at the end of his campaign o Kickstarter • In Italy and EU these models are known but still in their infancy, particularly due to regulation issues • UK, Holland are ahead of other countries in Europe, but there is no common EU legislation yet
- 39. Crowdfunding – TimScharfer
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- 42. European Crowdfunding Network •Promote and support the development of crowdfunding mechanisms as a funding source for European society and investors • In Italy crowdfunding-oriented startups are getting organized in two ways: – Connection with crowdsourcing (Cineama, Starteed) – Connection with local and professional communities (YouCapital, Shiniynote, Eppela, Siamosoci)
- 43. Getting closer toeach other: Coworking • Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding are based on the principle of collaboration from the distance • A different but very modern and efficient phenomenon is coworking, which promotes collaboration among different / heterogeneous companies and professionals by sharing the same working location
- 44. Selective Coworking • Astep beyond offering just a common space as a temporary office • Co-workers are selected based on their project, the space is co-designed with them according to their needs, and there may be a "facilitator" helping cooperation • The main purpose is acceleration of ideas and projects
- 45. Collaborative projects • Involvecommunities to participate putting together a project or contribute to a common cause • Examples: environmental monitoring, traffic control/observation, restoring / redesign cultural / historic heritage
- 46. ISMB-Polito: collaborative air qualitymonitoring • Raspberry Pi board with WiFi connectivity • Two temperature + Humidity sensors • 1 Dust sensor • 200+ students engaged, in teams of 4 • ISMB set up the central server to collect, process and present the data • Students built the sensor boards and wrote the code to sense and send data
- 47. TrafficO2 - PUSH •PUSH is an association of young architects and engineers from Palermo, Sicily • They won a grant from the Italian Ministry of Research and University • Their project TrafficO2 aims at evaluating mobility patterns collecting data from mobile phones' embedded sensors
- 48. Restoring Saracen Guard Towers •Slowscape: a project from a young architect (Claudio Esposito) who developed his thesis around a project aimed at restoring several historic buildings in Puglia, including some ICT to offer innovation services to the territory • ISMB and PUSH will collaborate with Claudio to make his dream (project) become true • Citizens and other communities will be involved (a crowdfunding campaign is also planned)
Editor's Notes
- #19 Neptune: the most remote and least luminous of planetsBarnard's star: not too far, but not too luminous and therefore not visibleMoon: shows always the same side. It has a "hidden side". Show only a selected portion of their identitySirio: the most luminous star, visible from everywhere. Share every information with everybody
- #20 Neptune: the most remote and least luminous of planetsBarnard's star: not too far, but not too luminous and therefore not visibleMoon: shows always the same side. It has a "hidden side". Show only a selected portion of their identitySirio: the most luminous star, visible from everywhere. Share every information with everybody