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Regional integration 2014 gs
- 1. REGIONAL INTEGRATION Group members: Kerrian Morgan Stacey-AnnMorrison Sashaine Mills Gayon Spence – Frazer Nateenia Roye
- 2. WHATIS REGIONALINTEGRATION? This refersto the coming together of a number of nation states to form a single unit in which member states cooperate functionally, economically and politically with the aim of producing benefits for each country within the region and the regions as a unit.
- 3. Example of RegionalIntegration • One example of regional integration is the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) member states who has the longest and most sustained engagement with regional integration. • Another is the African Economic Community.
- 4.
- 5. Whyregionalintegration? • To overcomechallenges facing regions • To address consequences of unequal distribution of resources • To aid in the development of human resources • To provide improved education • To assist economic development through the development of policies that assist businesses
- 6. Challengesand opportunities ofregional integration • Challenges • Geography of the region • Unequal distribution of resources • Intraregional competition • Absence of common currency • Different stages of growth and strategies for development • Influence of multi-national agencies • Opportunities • Common history- slavery, colonization, descendants of migrants • Common cultural heritage • Common economic and social issues • Globalization, trade, liberalization and trading blocs. • Economics shocks and natural disasters
- 7. Benefitsof regional integration •Increased cooperation • Free movement of goods, labour and capital • Increased employment opportunities • Improved quality of life • Greater equality of wealth distribution • Expansion of trade and increased international competitiveness
- 8. Stagesof regional integration WestIndies Federation This was the first major initiative towards regionalism to create political union between member sates and to establish federal institution.
- 9. MEMBER STATES • Antigua andBarbuda • Barbados, • Dominica • Grenada • Jamaica • Montserrat • The then St Kitts-Nevis- Anguilla • Saint Lucia • St Vincent • Trinidad and Tobago
- 10. OPPORTUNITIES FORMATION OF FERERALORGANIZATIONS • the federal civil service; • the West Indies Shipping Service (in 1962), • the Federal Maple and the Federal Palm - donated by the Government of Canada. Negotiations to acquire the subsidiary of the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), namely British West Indies Airways (BWIA) Cooperation in tertiary education
- 11. CHALLENGES • the governanceand administrative structures imposed by the British • disagreements among the territories over policies, particularly with respect to taxation and central planning; • an unwillingness on the part of most Territorial Governments to give up power to the Federal Government; • the location of the Federal Capital.
- 12. • Disputes overmovement of people from one country to another. • Insufficient budget • Lack of support for the federation from the majority of the Caribbean people • Disagreement among federal leaders • Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago felt disillusion by the idea of the federation and were interest in full independence • the common ‘ Caribbean people’ was not fully developed as each territory had its own identity.
- 13. THE FORMATION OFTHE CARIBBEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (CARIFTA) • 1965 there was another attempt to gain regional development with the formation of The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA).
- 14. • Antigua • Barbuda •Barbados • Guyana • Trinidad & Tobago • Dominica • Grenada • St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, • Saint Lucia • St Vincent and the Grenadines; • Montserrat • Jamaica. • Belize • British Honduras MEMBER STATES
- 15. CARIFTA was establishedwith the intent to unite their economies and to give them a joint presence on the international scene and to encourage balanced development of the Region.
- 16. OPPORTUNITIES • To unitethe economy of Caribbean countries • to give the Caribbean a joint presence on the international scene and • to encourage balanced development within the Region
- 17. • • increasingtrade - buying and selling more goods among the Member States • • diversifying trade - expanding the variety of goods and services available for trade • • liberalizing trade - removing tariffs and quotas on goods produced and traded within the area • • ensuring fair competition - setting up rules for all members to follow to protect the smaller enterprises
- 18. Challenges • Unemployment ratesand poverty • Leadership issues
- 19. THE BIRTH OFCARICOM • In 1973, CARIFTA became the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). • CARICOM was established on July 5, 1973 with the signing of the Treaty at Chaguaramas. • It was built on the trials and errors of previous unification efforts, beginning with the ambitious West Indies Federation (1958-62), which sought political and economic unification. CARICOM began as two linked concepts: the Caribbean Community and the Common Market.
- 20. GOALS OF CARICOM& CSME • 1) economic integration • 2) coordination of foreign policies • 3) functional cooperation (banding together to share resources in health, education, environment, science, technology, transportation, and other disciplines)
- 21. Benefits Meteorology • Meteorology theestablishment of the Caribbean meteorology organization. • It is situated in the region providing service to the Caribbean countries. • It receives data from weather patterns for transmission to the other CARICOM states. Health • The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre which started in Dominica 1973.
- 22. • At thetime it help to fight against communicable diseases such as poliomyelitis ,typoid and cholera which was a threat to the nationals of the region. CEHI Caribbean Environmental health institute • Testing the quality of drinking water. • Collection and treatment of water • Finding solutions for the disposal of toxic waste. Agriculture Caribbean agriculture and research development institute • Over the years problems have stifled the sector resulting in a high food import bill. • CARDI lowers costs of production in agricultureEstablishing farming techniques to meet the needs of small farmers.
- 23. FAILURES OF CARICOM •Some member states have not yet passed legislation to replace the privy Council with the Caribbean court of justice. • Conflict has arisen on several occasions because member states fail to cooperate in exploring common resources. • The west Indies shipping Corporation which was formed to facilitate trade among the CARICOM member states has been plagued with problems since its corporation.
- 24. conclusion • Regional integrationhas proven to be a very good development path for the member states of • the OECS. To a great extent regionalism has focused on economic management of the • islands, but its benefits can be seen in other areas. We have been able to speak with one • voice at the level of CARICOM and at the international level. We have proven that by
- 25. • joining togetherin a number of areas, there can be gains that we would not have achieved on • our own. Regionalism has contributed to the development and sustainability of our • democratic system of government. It has also been responsible for our economic growth and • stability. This stability has spared much of the social strife associated with unstable • economies. The steps towards deepening regional integration, with the introduction of • freedom of movement, will only make our region stronger as we face the future.
- 26. refrences • http://www.eccb- centralbank.org/PDF/newspaper3.pdf • http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/west _indies_federation.jsp?menu=community • •http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAR_EU/Studies /CRSCARICOM_Challenges_e.pdf •