Relevance of sex education at secondary level

Presented by-
Brilliant Rockers
KUMUD PABIDHA UZAIR
AFROSE KARISHMA
M.Ed. (Pondicherry University)
PRESENTED TO-
DR. K CHELLAMANI
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
Relevance of sex education at
secondary level

• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS SEX EDUCATION ?
• NEED OF SEX EDUCATION
• WHY IS SEX EDUCATION IMPORTANT?
• WHY IS SEX EDUCATION IMPORTANT IN INDIA?
• WHY SEX EDUCATION IN SCHOOL CURRICULUM?
• NEED TO TALK WITH CHILDREN ABOUT SEX EDUCATION
• ADDRESS SENSITIVE TOPICS WITH CARE
• REASONS TO SUPPORT SEX EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
Content

Continue …
• TOOL TO COMBAT RISING SEXUAL ABUSE AND VIOLENCE
• SEX EDUCATION PROGRAMS CAN BE
• FACTS ABOUT SEX EDUCATION IN INDIA
• STEPS TAKEN BY GOVT.
• SHORTCOMINGS OF THE PROGRAMME
• EDUCATION OF LGBTS
• OTHER SIDE OF SEX EDUCATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
LGBT-Lesbian gay bisexual and transgender

Introduction
Sex education is defined as a broad program that aims to
build a strong foundation for lifelong sexual health by acquiring
information and attitudes, beliefs and values about one's identity,
relationships, and intimacy. Primarily, during adolescence (10–19
years) its provision is a crucial preventative tool, as it is the
opportune time when young people experience developmental
changes in their physiology and behavior as they enter adulthood.
The complex emotional state in which youth find themselves in,
stigma surrounding matters of a sexual nature in the society and
widespread gender inequality faced makes it increasingly
challenging for adolescents to attain the knowledge they need.

What is Sex/Sexuality Education ?
Sexuality education is teaching
about issues of human sexuality –
body anatomy, reproduction,
hygiene, sexual development, sexual
activity, reproductive and sexual
health, sexual desire, affection,
intimacy, sexual orientation,
interpersonal relationships,
emotions, body image, gender,
gender identity, consent, coercion,
violence, responsibility, values and
rights. All of us need age-appropriate
sexuality education.

Need of Sex Education
• During adolescence the human
body undergoes numerous
hormonal changes.
• Physical, psychological and social
changes happen of transitioning
from childhood to adulthood.
• Sexuality Education helps them in
understanding menstruation,
their sexuality, sexual desires,
sexual orientation; provides
information and skills to take care
of their sexual health and to
make responsible decisions
about their relationships to
become healthy sexual beings.

• As children we start to learn about sexuality from a very young age from our
parents and caregivers and later from teachers and general society (including
media).
• We need to learn to respect, protect and take care of our bodies. Learning about
‘good touch’ and ‘bad touch’ and knowing which trusted person to inform about
‘bad touch’ or what to do when ‘bad touch’ happens can prevent/ drastically
reduce sexual abuse of children

o Sex education has always been viewed
as a controversial subject and there have
always been two camps; one in support
and one against it.
o It is time for us to understand the need
and importance of sex education for our
growing children that is as essential as
formal education in developing a
normal, healthy and aware individual.
o Sometimes even the well-read urban
kind, often tend to attach a whole lot of
sensitivity to the topic of sex, regarding
it with the most vicious taboo.
o It is thus a natural consequence that education that teaches their children about sexual
well-being is met with the highest resistance possible – from parents, teachers,
lawmakers and nosy neighbors, especially nosy neighbors.
Why Is Sex Education Important ?

• The importance of sex education in school
is to help children understand the body
structures of men and women and acquire
the knowledge about birth.
• Many schools nowadays prefer to address
sexual abuse and its prevention in classes II
and III so that young children have the
basic knowledge to identify if they are
being sexually exploited and can seek help
at the right time.
• Comprehensive sex education courses can
be introduced from 7th to 9th grade
onwards when most children have entered
puberty.
• Understanding the differences and
similarities between two genders in terms
of body and mind will set up a foundation
for the future development.
Continue…

Why is Sexuality Education
important in India?
Myths and misconceptions
about sexuality issues are
abound in India. We do not
have adequate public discourse
on sexuality. Most young
women have very little
knowledge about
menstruation, irregular
periods, reproductive tract
infections and menstrual
hygiene. People often have
unnecessary anxieties around
the size/ shape of their organs.

 The importance of delivery of sex
education in a timely fashion to
this significant demographic is
emphasized by current statistics
that show that almost one in every
fifth person on the globe is an
adolescent.
 They comprise 18% (1.2 billion) of
world's population in 2019, with
88% living in developing countries.
 India has the largest adolescent
population (243 million) with more
than 50% of the adolescent
population living in urban .
Continue…

Why in school ?
• Parents
– Don’t have proper
education
– Don’t want to discuss ,
hesitation
• School
– Have proper place
– Proper education, up-
to-date information,
trained educators

• “Many parents feel that giving sex education
is just a one-time discussion which they can
get over with quickly by just telling them how
the sexual act takes place and how they go
through puberty. But it is much more than
that.”
• “For instance, if there is a commercial for female
hygiene products coming up on television while
your child is watching TV, you can take that
opportunity to introduce the topic of puberty
and menstruation to her or him.”
• It becomes easier and more efficient when parents
treat it as an ongoing process and use everyday
moments to discuss the different aspects of sex
education.
Need to talk with children about sex and sex
education

Address sensitive topics with care
One of the main roles sex education in
India plays is to develop sensitivity in
today’s children and make sure they
grow up to be broad-minded individuals
with respect for everybody. Therefore
parents should deal with topics like
homosexuality and sexual abuse with
care.
Also, avoid giving negative
responses to your child’s doubts
because that might reinforce the
fact that you aren’t supposed to
discuss these things or these
things are bad.

Reasons to Support Sex Education in Schools
• Failure of Abstinence-Only
Education
• Teens Need to Know Safer
Options
• Sex Ed Doesn't Increase Sex
• Start Safe and Stay Safe
• Teach children to Be Good
Men/Women
• Sex Ed Doesn't Encourage
Sex
• Parents Teach Moral Values

Sex education programs implemented in
schools or communities can
– delay the onset of sexual activity among adolescents and
young people
– reduce the frequency of intercourse
– reduce the frequency of unprotected sex
– reduce the number of sexual partners
– increase condom use and contraceptive use
– increased knowledge about human sexuality

• Better sex education is now a part of
India’s school curriculum. After years of
sex education being banned in many Indian
states, Prime Minister Narendra Modi rolled
out a sex education programm in 2018. This
training is vital since India is number three in
the world’s HIV epidemic. This education
involves role-playing and activity-based
modules that are taught by trained teachers
and student peer educators. In this training,
students learn about sexual violence and
sexual health among other topics. The whole
training in total is 22 hours. Each week the
schools set aside one period for the training.
Facts About Sex Education in
India

• The Internet Could Be a Key Tool to Provide More
Comprehensive Sex Education. Better India conducted research in
2017 and found that 77 % of males and 54 % of females use the internet.
Projections show that internet usage will reach more than 600 million people
by 2021. In a society where sex is taboo, learning about sex education
privately online is often times the solution.
• The Family Planning Association of India conducted a workshop on “Sexual
and Reproductive Health and Rights for All” in July of 2019. The organization
hopes to break down taboos around sex, reproduction and homosexuality
• Risks of Alternatives to Sex. Abstinence-only education sometimes
encourages students to abstain from sex without ever telling them what sex is.
In contrast, when comprehensive sex education is taught in schools, it may
encourage teens to make more informed decisions before participating in
alternative sexual behaviours. Without enough information, those are
behaviours that teens may falsely assume are safe.

Programmes and Projects
• The Govt. of India initiated Adolescent Education Program (AEP) in 2007. The
program was banned in majority of the states due to several protests and
moral policing, citing that program’s content was ‘inappropriate’. Even after
receiving negative headlines, AEP was rolled out in selective
government/private schools without proper implementation. Though the
program covers sensitive issues such as body image, violence and abuse,
gender and sexuality, STDs , etc.
• Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) had issued a circular in 2005
chalking out a programme called the Adolescence Reproductive and Sexual
Health Education (ARSH) project. The Central government released it in 2006
and since then several states have implemented the program with slight
variations according to their own requirements.
STDs - Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Talking about reproductive and sexual health issues (TARSHI), a NGO in New
Delhi argues after review of the material covered in this new curriculum, that it
is lacking components that are essential to comprehensive sexuality education.
• Their critique of the new curriculum stems from the 60,000 + calls they have
received on the helpline they run on sexual information.
• Analysis showed that 70% of the callers were below 30 years of age, while 33%
were in the age group of 15–24 years, which indicates that young people do have
the need, but lack an adequate authentic source to receive appropriate and correct
information in a positive manner. It suggests that the curriculum imposes beliefs and
values on young people that prevent them from clarifying their own beliefs and
values and discourages them from making their own decisions. The subjects which
seem to be ill-addressed by the current curriculum include puberty and the body,
conception and contraception, healthy relationships and communication, gender
identity, body image, and HIV prevention.
However, 21% of men and 37% of women also reported that they felt
embarrassed while attending family life/sex education. This, in a way, suggests
that the curriculum and the method of teaching should be context- specific and
culturally sensitive.
SHORTCOMINGS OF THE PROGRAMME

Education of LGBTs
What Teachers Can Do
• Educate Yourself. ...
• Check Your Biases. ...
• Teach Inclusively. ...
• Be Visible. ...
• Respond to Anti-LGBT Behavior. ...
• Support Students Who Come Out. ...
• Support a Student . ...
• Revisit Your School Policies.
The majority of the LGBT youth Human Rights Watch interviewed who had
experienced bullying at school said they did not feel comfortable reporting it to school
staff. This was sometimes because of overt, prejudiced behavior by the staff; in other
cases, students operated on the assumption that it was unsafe to turn to the adults
around them for help.
LGBTs-lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender

The Central Board of Secondary Education results for classes 10 and 12 were declared
on July 13, 2020, and July 15, 2020, respectively.
10TH 12TH
July 13, 2020 July 15, 2020
18,89,878 candidates 12,06,893 candidates
7,88,195 girls
11,01,664 boys
19 transgender
1,25,22,819 girls
6,84,068 boys
6 transgender
Result 0.36% increased Result 5.38% increased
In India, the total population of transgender persons is around 4,87,803 with a
literacy rate of 57.06% according to the 2011 Census. In 2011, there were 54,854
transgender children below the age of six. These children are now between the ages
of 10 and 16 and should currently be in schools.
https://thewire.in/lgbtqia/cbse-results-transgender-students-education-stigma-discrimination

• As per a 2019 report of the National Human Rights Commission , 79%
of transgender people either live in rented rooms or share
accommodations with others, and 52.61% of transgender people have
a monthly income below Rs. 10,000. Most transgender persons do not
have a voter identity card or Aadhaar card. This makes it difficult for
them to availing themselves of their constitutional rights and
government schemes.
• Majority of transgender persons do not have access to career
opportunities
• They face verbal and sexual harassment/frequent bullying and
discrimination by co-workers
• Socio-economic situation of transgender people in our country
indicates that education is out of reach
• ‘trans friendly’ education is the urgent need of the hour.
• treat with dignity and normalise existence in the society
• gender-sensitive social spaces and a gender-inclusive education system.
Analysis of report

S.
N
o
PARA
METERS
9 -12 YEARS 12 - 15 YEARS 15 – 18 YEARS
1. Family
• Guidance ,support.
• Equity ,Responsibility.
• Taking responsibility.
• Conflict misunderstanding.
• Care ,love ,co-operation.
• Facing challenges related to
sexual relationships& health
issues.
2.
Tolerance ,
inclusion and
Respect.
• Discrimination are
harmful.
• Not to disrespect and hurt
others.
• Violation of human rights.
• Self control.
• Challenge stigma and
discrimination.
• Promote inclusion ,
discrimination , diversity.
3.
Long term
commitment.
• Child , early-forced
marriage harmful and
illegal up-to 18 years
• Culture and gender roles.
• Child ,early-forced marriage
harmful and illegal up-to 18
years.
• Long term commitments
are full of responsibilities.
• Child ,early-forced marriage
harmful and illegal up-to 18
years.
• Various factors influencing
society peer thinking etc.
4.
Values , Right,
Culture and
sexuality.
• Values , attitudes are
learnt from family.
• Behaviour &Decision
making.
• Understand &know ones
own values , beliefs
&attitudes , how they
impact rights on others&
how to stands for them.
• Understand and accept the
reality and ones will.
5.
Friendship ,
love
and romantic
Relationships
• It helps the people feel
positive.
• Importance of it.
• Value of friendship
difference in –love
friendship ,infatuation.
• Healthy,unhealthy sexual
relationship.
• Expression of affection and
love

SRH-Sexual Reproductive Health
STI-Sexuality Transmitted Infections

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF
CSE PROGRAMMES
• Assess the programme and obtain ongoing
feedback from schools, communities, educators
and learners about how the programme is
achieving its outcomes.
• Integrate one or more key indicators in national
education monitoring systems to ensure
systematic measurement of the delivery of
sexuality.
• Evaluate the outcomes and impact of the
programme.
CSE-Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Conclusion
This biggest barrier toward sex education in India will probably be
cultural norms against talking about sex. These norms are heavily ingrained in
Indian society. However, India is making small but important steps to provide
more comprehensive sex education.
Provision of FLE might result in multiple benefits to the adolescent
boys and girls including delayed initiation of sexual activity, a reduction in
unplanned and early pregnancies and their associated complications, fewer
unwanted children, reduced risks of sexual abuse, greater completion of
education and later marriages, reduced recourse to abortion and the
consequences of unsafe abortion, and a curb of the spread of sexually
transmitted diseases including HIV.
FLE - FAMILY LIFE/SEX EDUCATION

References
• https://en.unesco.org/news/why-comprehensive-sexuality-education-
important
• https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-health-and-well-being
• https://feminisminindia.com/2020/03/11/national-education-policy-draft-
sexuality-education/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711229/
• https://www.academia.edu/40433558/SEX_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA
• https://healtheducationresources.unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/bi
e_sex_education_youths_bzga.pdf
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-
education/art-20044034
• https://thewire.in/lgbtqia/cbse-results-transgender-students-education-
stigma-discrimination
• https://thewire.in/lgbtqia/cbse-results-transgender-students-education-
stigma-discrimination

Relevance of sex education at secondary level

Relevance of sex education at secondary level

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