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The document summarizes key aspects of the Renaissance period in Europe. It began with the reopening of the Silk Road by the Mongols and Marco Polo's travels to China. The Black Death led to economic growth as survivors had more resources. Scholars fled the fall of Constantinople bringing ancient Greek and Roman texts to Italy, fueling a focus on humanism and secular ideas. Notable Renaissance figures included Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Johannes Gutenberg who invented the printing press, spreading ideas faster than ever before.








The Renaissance begins with the reopening of the Silk Road and the influence of Mongols; Marco Polo's journey inspires European interest in Chinese goods. Scholars flee to Italy after the Ottoman conquest.
Key cities like Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Venice drive Renaissance wealth. Florence's Medici family plays a pivotal role in banking and patronage of the arts.
Focus shifts to human potential; Machiavelli's 'The Prince' advocates for pragmatic, sometimes ruthless governance.
Michelangelo's diverse talents include poetry and iconic artworks like the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Da Vinci's multifaceted genius encompasses sculpture, architecture, invention, and masterpieces like Mona Lisa.
Renaissance contributions include new mathematical symbols and astronomical discoveries about the solar system.
Ideas from Italy spread through Europe, influencing art and thought; Northern Europe emphasizes Christian history over classical themes.
Gutenberg's invention of the printing press greatly enhances learning and idea dissemination across society.