Report on doors

TOPICS
 DEFINATION OF
DOORS
 FUNCTION AND
LOCATION
 SIZE AND DESIGN
OF DOORS
 PARTS OF DOORS
 TYPES OF DOORS

DEFINATION
A door is an opening or closing structure used to
block off an entrance, typically consisting of an
interior side that faces inside of a space and an
exterior side that faces outside of that space.
While in some cases interior side of a door may
match its exterior side, in other cases there are
sharp contrast between two sides, such as in
case of the vehicle door. In addition , doors
typically consist of a panel that swings on hinges
or that slides or spins inside of a space
In short, door is a movable barrier secured in a
wall.

FUNCTION OF A DOOR
 They admit ventilation and light.
 Control the physical atmosphere with in a space
by enclosing it, excluding air crafts, so that
interior may be more effectively heated or cooled.
 Act as a barrier to noise.
 Used to screen areas of a building for aesthetic
purposes keeping formal and utility areas
separable

LOCATION OF DOOR IN A
BUILDING
 The number should be kept as minimum.
 It should meet functional requirment.
 It should preferably be located at the corner of
room nearly 20cm from the corner.
 If in a room more than two doors are there , they
shall be located facing each other.

COMPONENTS OF DOOR
 Door frame
 Door shutter
 Door frame is made up of two vertical members
known as jambs and post and a flat member
connecting the jambs at top called head. The
cross sectional dimensions of the jambs and
head are normally kept same.
 Materials ,used for door frames are: Timber, steel,
aluminum, concrete, stone

TIMBER DOOR FRAME[General
signification]
 Timber is sawn in direction of grains.
 All members of frames are of same species of timber and be straight
without any wrap.
 Frames are smooth ,well planed surfaces except surface touching wall
lintel sill etc.
 The thickness of rebate is 15mm and width is equal to the thickness of
shutter.
 Normal size for door frame of single shutter is 75*100 and for double
shutter 75*125mm.
 The back portion of door which in contact with wall lintels, sill etc. is
painted with bitumen or any anti termite chemical.
 To protect door frame during construction priming coat is done before
fixing.
 A minimum of 3 holdfast should be fixed on each side , one at the
center and other two at 300mm from the top and the bottom of the
shutter.
 Holdfast and other parts which go into masonry wall and not accessible
for maintenance , shall be protected against moisture & decay with a
coating of coaltar or other suitable protective material.

STEEL DOOR FRAME
 Steel door frame can be made out of angle tee,
channel or pressed steel plates. In this frame also
there are two jambs post and a jamb. At the joints
members are either welded are rigidly fixed
together by mechanical means. Sometimes a
horizontal member [angle iron] is also provided
to fix the jambs at base at floor level. This
member is known as threshold.
 In case of steel frames the hold fast or lugs and
hinges are invariably welded to the frame.

SIZES AND DESIGNATION
 The common width- height
relationship used.
 Width: 0.4- 0.6 height
 Height: [ width + 1.2 height] m
 General sizes for residential:
 External door- 1.0*2.0m to
1.1*2.0m
 Internal door- 0.9*2.0m
to1.0*2.0m
 Bath & WC – 0..7*2.0m to
0.8*2.0m
 Garage for cars- 2.25*2.25m to
2.40*2.25m
 General size for public
 1.2*2.0m or 1.2*2.1m or
1.2*2.25m
 The size of an opening is
indicating of modules where
each module is of100mm
 10 DS 20 OR 10 DT 20
 Size of opening – 1000*2000m
 D- Door opening
 S-Single shutter
 T-Double shutter

TYPES OF DOORS
 Hinged doors
 Batten types doors
 Framed and paneled
doors
 Glazed or sash door
 Flushed doors
 Louvered doors
 Wire- gauge
 Revolving door
 Sliding doors
 Swing doors
 Collapsible door
 Rolling shutter
 M.S. sheet doors
 Fire check doors

HINGED DOOR
 Most doors are hinged
along one side to allow
door to pivot away from
the doorway in one
direction but not in
other. The axis of
rotation is usually
vertical.
 These doors require
minimum maintenance
and cleaning, are not
expensive and have
excellent insulating
ability, however, take up
precious room space to
swing.

BATTENED AND LEDGED
DOOR
 The door consist of vertical
boards i.e. battens and 3 or 4
horizontal ledges. The vertical
boards are tongue and grooved
and fixed together with
horizontal batten known as
ledges.
 BATTEN: 100-150mm wide and
20-30mm thick
 LEDGES: 200mm wide and 25-
30mm thick
 Door is hung to the frame by T-
hinges of iron.
 The door is commonly used for
internal use where it is not
subject to hard use or where
economy is of main
consideration than appearance.
It is recommended for WC,
bathroom etc.

BATTEN ,LEDGED AND BRACED
DOOR
 This is an improved form of
battened and ledged door in this
type of door two additional members
are provided in the form of inclined
braces between ledges.
 BATTEN: 100- 150mm wide and
20=30mm thick
 LEDGE: 200mm wide and 25-30m
thick
 BRACES: 10-150mm wide and 25-
30mm thick
 Normally constructed using Z-
shaped frame with tongue and
groove interlocking boards attached
. They can be quite heavy in weight
but this can depend on thickness of
boards used
 Due to there construction, they are
normally very strong and hard
wearing and can also be planned
and shaped to fit pretty much any
doorway .
 Such doors are used for wider
opening. The braces incline down
towards the hinged side.

BATTENED, LEDGED, BRACED
AND FRAMED DOOR
 This type of door is
considered to superior in
strength , durability and
appearance in other two
types of door.
 The frame work consists of
vertical styles: three ledges
and two inclined braces.
 The braces are normally
housed into the rails at about
40mm firm the styles.
 Thickness of the styles and
top rails is same which is
equal to the thickness of
braces and battens.
 This type is suitable for
external door and subjected
to rough handling.

FRAMED AND PANELED DOOR
 These types of doors are
widely used in all types of
buildings since they are
strong and give better
appearance battened doors.
 It consists of vertical
members called stiles and
horizontal members called
rails.
 Stiles and rails from the
frame work into which panels
are inserted.
 Panels may be solid wood ,
plywood or louvered or have
glass inserts.
 Additional vertical members
called mullions are used to
divide door in any number of
panel.

GLAZED OR SASHED DOOR
 This type of door is used in
residential and public
buildings both.
 They supplement natural
lighting provided by window
or to make the interior of
room visible from adjoining
room.
 They can be made fully
glazed or partly glazed.
 Fully glazed doors are
recommended where
sufficient light is required
through door openings like in
shopping mall, entrance halls
etc.
 In case of partly glazed
bottom 1/3 part is usually
paneled and upper 2/3 part
is glazed.

FLUSH DOOR
 Flush doors are simple doors
with completely fiat surface
on both sides.
 They can come in solid
format which is a door made
of solid wood or hollow
format which is light weight
and comprise of two layers
of thin timber separated ,
usually, by honey comb core.
The core is covered with
either hardwood or plywood
on both sides.
 Solid doors are usually used
as fire check doors. Flush
doors are cheaper and
lighter than other types.
Flush door’s shutter are
manufactured in standard
thickness of 25, 30, 35,
40mm

TYPES OF FLUSH DOOR
 Solid core flush door
 Hollow core
 Cellular core

SOLID CORE FLUSH DOOR
 Solid door consists of the
frame work of vertical stills
and top rail and bottom rail.
 The core consists of wooden
strips[ width not more than
25mm] glued together under
high pressure or block board
or particle board.
 Plywood sheets/cross bands
/face veneers are glued
under high pressure to
assemble of core on both
faces.
 Such doors are quite strong
but heavy and required more
material . They provide
better sound insulation and
have less tendency to wrap.

HOLLOW CORE
 The frame consists of
styles, top rail and two
intermediate rails not less
than 75mm in width.
 The space between styles
and rails is filled by
equally spaced batten
each of minimum width
25mm such that voids are
equally distributed and
limited to 0.5sq.m.
 Plywood /veneers and
cross band can be glued
from both sides and
thickness of plywood
should not be less than
6mm

CELLULR CORE
 The frame is made up
of stiles top and
bottom rail.
 The space is filled
with closely spaced
battens of minimum
25mm width , void
area does not exceed
0.25sq.m. Thus , total
area of voids should
not exceed 40% of
area of shutter.

LOUVERED DOOR
 A louvered door has fixed or
movable wooden louvers
which permit open ventilation
while preserving privacy and
preventing the passage of to
the interior.
 They are commonly used for
bath and WC in residential
and public buildings where
good ventilation is desired.
The door may be louvered to
its full height or partly
louvered or partly paneled.
 Louvers may be fix or
movable and are arranged in
inclined fusion thus obstructs
visions but permits entry of
air. Louvers may be timber,
plywood or glass , however
they difficult to clean.

REVOLVING DOOR
 Such are provided in public buildings, like banks, museums, hotels,
offices etc.
 A revolving door has four wigs / leaves that hang on a center shaft and
rotate one way about a vertical axis within around enclosure. The
central shaft is fitted with ball bearing arrangement at the bottom which
allows shutters to move without any jerks and making noise.
 The radiating shutters may be fully paneled , fully glazed or partly
glazed. The glass door allows people to see and anticipate each other
while walking through. Vertical rubber places are provided at the rubbing
end of shutter to prevent drought of air.
 People can walk out of and into the building at the same time . Door
closes automatically when not in use.
 These doors are energy efficient by eliminating drafts , thus reducing
the heating or cooling required for the building.
 The door may be motorized or pushed manually using push bars.,
therefore create a good seal from outside and help to reduce heating
and AC costs
 These doors typically have a ‘speed control’ to prevent people from
spinning door too fast.

SLDING DOOR
 In this door, shutter slide horizontally along tracks with the help of
runners and rails.
 Sliding glass doors are common in place where is no space to swing
door.
 Such doors are very popular to use for entrances to commercial
structures and also in residential buildings aesthetic considerations.
 They consist of one, two or three doors that slide by each other one
track depending upon the size of opening and space available for
sliding.
 Usually sound insulation is pretty poor so they must be of high quality
and fitted exactly in their tracks or else they may slide out of them but
are cleaned and maintained easily.
 When fully open, these doors will allow half space of the opening in
double sliding doors.
 Sliding door moves along metal, wood or vinyl tracks fitted into their
frames at the top and bottom. To ease movement , doors often have
plastic rollers attached to the top and bottom or to the bottom only.
 The door is hung by two trolley hangers at the top of door running in a
concealed track while at the bottom, rollers are provided to slide shutter
in a channel track .

SWING DOORS
 Shutter is fitted to its
frame by special double
action hinges. The hinges
permit shutter to move
both ways inward as well
as outwards.
 Doors are not rebated at
meeting styles. To open
the door , a light push is
made and spring action
brings shutter in closed
position.
 Return of shutter is with
force and , thus door shall
be either fully glazed or
provided with a peep hole
at eye level to avoid
accident.

COLLLLAPSIBLE DOOR
 Such doors are used in
garages, workshops, public
buildings, etc. to provide
increased safety and protection
to property.
 Doors do not require hinges to
close or open shutter nor frame
to hang them .They act like a
steel curtain.
 Door is made up from vertical
double channels [ 20*10*2mm]
jointed together with hollows on
inside to create a vertical gap.
These channels are spaced at
100-200mm apart and braced
with diagonal iron flats. These
diagonals allow shutter to open
or closed.
 Shutter operate between two
rails , one fixed to the floor and
other to the lintel. Rollers are
mounted at the top and bottom.

ROLLING SHUTTER
 These are commonly used for shops, godowns stores
etc. Door shutter acts like a curtain and thus provide
adequate protection and safety against fire and thefts.
 Shutter is made up of thin steel slabs called laths or
states about 1.25mm thick interlocked to each other
and coiled upon specially designed called drum
mounted at the top. Shutter moves in two vertical
steel guide channels installed at their ends.
 Channel is made up of steel sheets and deep enough
to accommodate the shutter and to keep it in position.
 A horizontal shaft and spring in the drum which allow
shutter to coiled in or out.
 These door may be manually operated for smaller
opening [ up to 10sq.m] .Above 10sq.m they may be
operated manually.

M.S.SHEET DOOR
 This type of door is recommended for railway goods sheds,
garage, godowns, etc. where high degree of protection and
safety is needed.
 Door shutter is fabricated from angle iron or channel section
frame which is suitably braced with angle iron diagonal braces or
with M.S. flats placed horizontally.
 Different members of shutter frame are riveted or welded at the
junction. The outer frame of shutter is provided with flat angle
iron cleats for fixing shutter to door opening.
 Each cleats has 25mm hole in the horizontal leg for supporting
shutter on pin clamps. Two pin clamps are used for each shutter
. One end of the pin clamp is embedded in masonry and other
end has a 20mm M.S. pin riveted or welded to the clamp.
 The pin clamp are so placed that top pin faces downward and
the bottom pin faces towards so that shutter can not be removed
by lifting over the pins. The pins are made to pass through the
holes in the cleats of the outer frame of door shutters and that is
how shutter gets supported and hence attached to jambs.

FIRE CHECK DOOR
 Fire check doors are required to control and restrict the spread
of fire through door openings thereby minimizing the damage of
adjoining property in the event of fire. And it is possible to
prevent the spread fire to commutating rooms and floors and to
reduce the chimney effect[ which occurs in tall buildings] thereby
ensuring desired degree of fire protection to the building.
 The design and material to be used in construction should be
sufficiently low to prevent ignition of combustible materials on
either side. Fire resistance of door should as far as practicable
be same as that for wall in which it is to be fitted.
 They are used against fire in ware houses, hotels, banks,
departmental stores and other public buildings.
 Normally, for opening up to 1.5m wide , single leaf door shutter
is used . Doors can be of sliding or manually operated or
automatic type.
 There are two types of fire check door: Steel plate door, Metal
covered door

STEEL PLATE DOOR
 Shutter is made out of
steel plate of 6mm or
more in thickness
stiles and rails on
each face made out of
6mm thickness and
10mm wide riveted or
welded together,
Arrangement of plates
/ rails hold be such
that door shutter
becomes 18mm or
more in thickness
continuously along
each edge.

METAL COVERED DOOR
 The core of shutter
consists of 3 or 4 layers
of planed tongued and
grooved , seasoned
teak or yellow pined
boards not less than
22mm in thickness. This
type of door is
constructed based on
the principle that wood
does not burn when air
is excluded but
converted into charcoal.
Door prevent not only
frames but so heat
passing from one side

FLY PROOF DOOR
 Door consists or timber frame work of vertical
stiles and horizontal rails and opening of panels
are fitted with fine mesh gal vanished wire gauge.
G.I. wire is fixed by use of nails and timber
beading.
 Generally, door opening in such a case is
provided with double shutters. Shutter opening
inside room is folly paneled whereas fly proof or
wire gauge shutter opens outside room or vice
versa.
 Door is used to check the entry of flies,
mosquitoes, insects etc. into room and to allow
free circulation of air at the same time.

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