REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING UPPTCL (MOHAMMAD FAIZ)2024.pptx

A PRESENTATION ON SUMMER TRAINING
UTTAR PRADESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
132/33KV SUBSTATION BAREILLY TOWN BAREILLY,
(UTTAR PRADESH)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION)
M.J.P. ROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY
BAREILLY
PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED TO:
MOHAMMAD FAIZ DR. JANAK KAPOOR
B.TECH (ECE), 4TH
YEAR (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

INTRODUCTION TO 132/33KV
SUBSTATION BAREILLY
132/33kv substation town division Bareilly UTTAR PRADESH is
situated beside Gandhi Udhyaan. It was opened and started in 1989.
It is a grid power substation i.e. from here supply can be given or
taken also. At this substation voltage is stepped down in 132/33kv for
distribution to other substations known as secondary distribution
respectively. From here 2 lines of 132kv and 14 lines of 33kv are
connected.
At this substation there is a big switch yard is divided into three
sections, namely:-
•132 KV YARD.
•33 KV YARD.
•CAPACITOR BANK SECTION.

EQUIPMENTS USED AT YARD
Some of the equipments used for various purposes are:- circuit
breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, insulators, bus bars, relay,
control panels, instrument transformer, CVT’s etc.
All other details and connections are provided in single line
diagram of substation which is shown ahead.
Image of yard of substation

SUBSTATIONS
The present day electrical power system is A.C., i.e. electrical power is generated,
transmitted & distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric power is
produced at power plant stations which are located at favorable places generally
quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumer through a large
network of transmission & distribution.
At many places in the power system it is desirable and necessary to change some
characteristics e.g. voltage, A.C. to D.C., frequency, power factor etc. of electric
supply. This is accomplished by suitable apparatus called substations.
IMAGE OF SUBSTATION

TRANSFORMERS
Transformer is a static machine, which transforms the potential of the
alternating current at same frequency. It means transformer transforms the
low voltage to high voltage and vice versa also at the same frequency. It
works on the principle of mutual induction. When the energy is transformed
from low to high voltage is called STEP UP transformer while in case of vice
versa transformer use is called STEP DOWN transformer.
DIAGRAM OF TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMERS IN 132KV YARD
Two three-phase auto transformers of 63MVA and one of 40MVA are
connected to 132kv buses and both operates in parallel configuration. Each
have 132/33kv voltage rating, Temperature sensitivity of each transformer is
45degree c, and load ratings are 177.4/18.8/2.46 KW for full load/no load/
auxiliary respectively.
IMAGE OF TRANSFORMER

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
As name suggests these are the transformers or the instruments which
measures the rating of voltage and current for various equipments at the
substation. The level of voltage and current is of order of KV’S,MV’S or KA’S &
MA’S, while the instruments used for measuring these ratings are capable to
measure the voltage and current of order of V’S, mv’s & micro v’s or A’S,
ma’s, micro a’s .
So we use the instrument transformers which steps down the voltage and
current upto the rated level required by the measuring instrument so that it
can measure the quantity.
TYPES OF INSTRUMENT TRANFORMERS:-
•CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
•POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
•CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
These are the transformers which steps down the current level to required level
of ammeter. High rated current is applied at its primary winding terminals as
input and it gives desired current at secondary winding terminals as output,
which is measured by the ammeter. In this substation there are majorly two types
of C.T., 4 of 132kv line and 11 of 33kv line.
IMAGE OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
These are the transformers which steps down the voltage level upto required
level of voltmeter. High rated voltage is applied at its primary winding terminals
as input and it gives desired voltage at secondary winding terminals as output,
which is measured by voltmeter. PT’s are of rating 132kv/110v, 33kv/110v. In
this sub station yard there is 1 P.T. of 132kv line (made by B.H.E.L) and 2 of 33kv
line.
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
These are the transformers which performs two works, first is of potential
transformers and second is of communication. It filters the frequency for data
communication.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

SWITCH GEARS
It performs very important role at any substation, because it is main part of
substation which is most important for each and every equipment, but it is
not a single instrument or equipment while it is the combination of various
equipments like as:- bus bars, isolators, insulators, circuit breakers, lightning
arrestors etc.
(REAL SWITCH GEAR IN YARD) (AUTOMATIC SWITCH GEAR)

BUS BARS
When number of generators, transformers or feeders at same voltage have to
be directly connected electrically for fulfilling the large load requirements,
bus bars are used as the common electrical component. Bus bars are made
up of copper rods, and operate in synchronism, for proper synchronization of
the bus bars following three conditions must be satisfied, which are given
below:-
Voltage should remain constant.
Frequency should remain constant.
Phase sequence must be same.

ISOLATORS
In substations, it is often desired to disconnect a part of the system for
general maintenance and repairs. An isolating switch or isolator accomplishes
this. Isolator operates under no load condition. A transfer isolator is used to
transfer main supply from main bus to transfer bus by using coupler
(combination of a circuit breaker with two isolators at each end), if repairing
or maintenance of any section is required.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Circuit breaker can make or break a circuit either manually or automatically
under all conditions as no load, full load and short circuit condition.
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
IMAGE:-

SULPHUR HEXAFLOURIDE(SF6) CIRCUIT BREAKER
In such circuit breakers, sulphur hexaflouride (SF6) gas is used as the arc
quenching medium. The SF6 is an electronegative gas and has a strong
tendency to absorb free electrons. SF6 circuit breaker have been found very
good for voltage 115kv to 230kv, power rating 10MVA. It consists of fixed and
moving contacts. It has a chamber, contains SF6 gas from reservoir to flow
towards the arc interruption chamber.
VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
Vacuum circuit breaker are circuit breakers which are used to protect medium
and high voltage circuits from dangerous electrical situations. Like other types
of circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers literally break the circuit so that
energy can’t continue flowing through it, thereby preventing fires, power
surges and problems which may emerge.
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER

INSULATORS
The insulators serves two purposes. They support the conductors and confine
the current to the conductors. Insulators cause electrical isolation between
conductor and support(pole). Main function of insulators is to restrict any
leakage current. The most common used materials for the manufacture of
insulator is PORCELAIN. There are several type of insulators according to their
use in substation which are as follows:-
o Suspension type insulators.
o Strain type insulators.
SUSPENSION STRING STRAIN INSULATOR

LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
It is a surge diverter and used for the protection of power system against high
voltage surge. It is connected between line and earth and so diverts the
incoming high voltage waves to earth. It acts as safety valve designed to
discharge electric surges resulting from lightning strokes, switching or other
disturbances. At substations a separate earthing is providing for lightning
arrestors apart from the earth mat, so that surge can’t complete a close path
through other equipments.
IMAGE OF LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR 132/33KV
SUBSTATION
Three transformers of 40MVA, 63MVA-1 and 63MVA-2 are used for stepping
down the 132kv to 33kv. Both transformers are operated in parallel to both
main buses. Winding turns ratio is 4 hence its 275.5/1102A. For H.T. and L.T.
sides respectively. In following figure single line diagram of 132/33kv
substation is shown.

RELAYS
In a power system it is inevitable that immediately or later some failure does
occur somewhere in the system. When a failure occurs in any part of the
system, it must be quickly detected and disconnected from the system. The
relays detect the fault and supply the information to the circuit breaker.
The electrical quantities which may change under fault conditions are voltage,
frequency, current phase angle. When a short circuit occurs at any point on
the transmission line the current flowing in the line increase to the enormous
value. This results in a heavy current flow through the relay coil, causing the
relay to operate by closing its contacts. This in turn closes the trip circuit of
the breaker making the circuit breaker open and isolating the faulty section
from the rest of the system.
IMAGES OF RELAYS

CAPACITOR BANK
The load on the power system is varying, i.e. being high during morning and
evening which increases the magnetization current. This result in the
decreased power factor. The low power factor is mainly due to the fact that
most of the power loads are inductive and take lagging currents. The low
power factor is highly undesirable as it causes increase in current, resulting in
additional losses.
In order to improve the power factor, some devices taking leading power
should be connected in parallel with the load. One of the such devices may be
capacitor bank. The capacitor bank draws a leading current and partially or
completely neutralize the lagging reactive component of load current.
IMAGE OF CAPACITOR BANK

In conclusion, my summer training at UPPCL has
been an enriching experience. I gained valuable
insights into the energy sector and developed a
stronger connection between academic learning
and practical application.

THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY :-
MOHAMMAD FAIZ
B.TECH. e.c.e.
(21EC12)

REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING UPPTCL (MOHAMMAD FAIZ)2024.pptx

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