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research process
The document outlines the key steps in the research process: 1) Establish the need for research and define the problem. 2) Conduct an extensive literature review to understand previous work. 3) Formulate clear research objectives and questions. 4) Determine an appropriate research design including data collection methods. 5) Collect, analyze, and interpret the data to draw conclusions and answer the research questions.
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research process
- 1. RESEARCH PROCESS Presented by: Cherry Goyal
- 2. RESEARCH Research can bedefined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. 2
- 3. Research Process • AResearch process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps. 3
- 4. The Research Process •to produce new knowledge, or to offer a new manner of understanding present knowledge 4
- 5. METHODS OF RESEARCH 1. The Scientific Method This method involves techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring knowledge correcting and integrating previous knowledge 5
- 6. METHODS OF RESEARCH CONT… 2.Historical Method It involves techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history This approach may also be used with artistic project development 6
- 7. RESEARCH SOURCES Research Sourcesare mainly of two types – 1. Primary Research – It includes collection of data not previously existent Examples are Interviews ,Surveys ,Speeches or performances 7
- 8. RESEARCH SOURCES CONT… 2.Secondary Research – It includes summary, collation Examples are Books, Journals and magazines,Electronics Database – library, Internet - primarily .org, .edu, .gov 8
- 9. The Research Process Establish the Need for Research It is beneficial for one who is preparing himself for a career of carrying out research. We can use the knowledge of research methodology as it is helpful in various fields such as government or business administration, community development and social work where persons are increasingly called upon to evaluate and use research results for action. When one knows how research is done, then one may have the satisfaction of acquiring a new intellectual tool which can become a way of looking at the world. 9
- 10. The Research Process Aresearch journey there are two important decisions to make- 1) What you want to find out about or what research questions you want to find answers to; 2) How to go about finding their answers. There are practical steps through which you must pass in your research journey in order to find answers to your research questions. The path to finding answers to your research questions constitutes research methodology. 10
- 11. RESEARCH PROCESSING…. Examine a social Asking the relationship, study the Formulating the Research Question relevant literature Hypotheses Contribute Develop a new research evidence to THEORY design literature and begin again Evaluating the Analyzing Collecting Data Hypotheses Data 11
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- 13. The Research Process StepOne: Define the Problem • The research process begins with the recognition of a problem or opportunity. • At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, i.e to decide area of interest. • There are two steps involved in research process : Understanding the problem thoroughly And rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an analytical point of view The best way of understanding the problem is to discuss it with one’s own colleagues or with those having the same expertise in the matter. 13
- 14. The Research ProcessCont… STEP2:EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY It is necessary for the researcher to conduct an extensive survey connected with the problem. For this purpose – Manuals Company Records journals ,published data can be used. 14
- 15. THE RESEARCH PROCESS Steptwo Cont… -Literature review is integral part of entire research process and makes valuable contribution to every operational step. -Reviewing literature can be time-consuming, daunting and frustrating, but is also rewarding. Its functions are: a. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem; b. Improve your methodology; c. Broaden your knowledge; d. Contextualise your findings. 15
- 16. Step Three: Formulationthe objective Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your study. They inform a reader what you want to attain through the study. It is extremely important to word them clearly and specifically. Objectives should be listed under two headings: a) main objectives ( aims); b) sub-objectives. • The main objective is an overall statement of the thrust of your study. It is also a statement of the main associations and relationships that you seek to discover or establish. 16
- 17. The Research Process StepFour: Determine Research Design Research Design step involves the development of a research plan for carrying out the study. – There are a number of alternative research designs. The choice will largely depend on the research purpose. Types Of Research Design Descriptiv Causal Exploratory e 17
- 18. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY DescriptiveStudies are undertaken in organizations to learn and describe the characteristics of a group of employees, as for example, the age, education level, job status, and length of service. Explortory studies are study of collection of data in informal manner and unstructured Casual Study A causal study Is an inquiry to know the cause of one or more problems. 18
- 19. RESEARCH DESIGN CONT… ResearchDesign - SAMPLE STUDY POPULATION SIZE SAMPLE SIZE DATA COLLECTION The various tools of empowerment were identified through questionnaire and interview. 19
- 20. RESEARCH PROCESS CONT… Step5: Collecting The Data Published data are available in: Publications of central, state and local newspapers Publication of foreign government or of international bodies Technical or trade journals Books, magazines and newspaper and Internet Public record and statistics, historical documents and sources of p ublic information. Methods of Data Collection Personal Interview Questionnaire Telephonic Interview 20
- 21. THE RESEARCH PROCESS CONT… Step6:Analysis Of Data The Analyses of data can of two types: Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis Thus analysis of data require a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the application of these categories into raw data through tabulation, chart and then draw inferences. Analysis work is based on the computation of various percentage, coefficient etc 21
- 22. STEP 7: ANALYZEAND EVALUATE THE INFORMATION 1. Relate the information you have found and compiled, and your ideas from reading and thinking about the information, to your topic. 2. Analyze your notes. 3.Break down your notes into topic themes or categories decide how these themes or categories relate to your topic and discard notes that do not relate to your thesis 4. Look for holes in your thesis statement support and go back to find information you are missing 5. Do you have enough information to complete your research? If not, you may have to repeat several of the previous steps and/or extend the 22 research process
- 23. The Research ProcessCont… Step9:Analysis And Interpretations Analysis and Interpretation are the central steps in the research process. The goal of analysis is to summaries the collected data in such a way that they provide answer to questions that triggered while research. Interpretation is the research for border, meaning of research finding 23
- 24. The Research ProcessCont… Step 8: Execution of project • Execution of the project is a very important step in the research process. • If the execution of the project proceeds on correct lines, the data to be collected would be adequate and dependable. • The researcher should see that the project is executed in a systematic manner and in time. • If the data should be made for proper coded. • A careful watch and in order to keep the survey as much realistic as possible. • Accuracy is very necessary. 24
- 25. THE MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESSCONT… Step 10: Prepare & Present the Final Research Report Findings are presented often by research ,objective should be in clear and concise way It is a report that communicates properly and result to clients 25
- 26. CONCLUSION Good quality research requires a researcher to follow scientific approach. Researcher must follow scientific method in conducting literature review, identifying research gaps, writing problem statement & outlining research questions and research objectives. Researcher must carefully select among different research designs, the selection of which depends on specific research questions and the overall objectives of the study. Decisions like choosing among data collection methods and sampling techniques require researcher to exercise logical 26 reasoning..
- 27. REFRENCES Dawson, Catherine,2002, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS Kothari, C.R.,1985, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques, New Kumar, Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology 27