RHS Level 2 Certificate Year 1 Session 3

RHS Level 2 Certificate Year 1 Session 3

• 1.
  RHS Level 2Certificate Year 1 Week 3 More roots, shoots and leaves.
• 2.
  Learning outcomes 1. Roots (2) 1.3.4 Describe how the root is adapted in order to perform specific functions. 1.3.5 Root fungi and bacteria- symbiosis 2. Stems – structure and purpose 2.1 Describe how the stem develops. 2.2 Describe different types of buds and state where they occur in the plant . 2.3 Identify the two elements of the vascular system and name their purposes 2.4 Describe how the stem is adapted in order to perform specific functions. 3. Leaves – structure and purpose 3.1 Describe the structure of the leaf. 3.2 Describe how leaf shape, size, form and colour can vary. 3.3 Describe how leaves are adapted in order to perform certain functions 4. Plant file – plant identification from week 2 and introduce 3 new plants.
• 3.
  Roots (2) Symbiosis– what is it? How does it work? Mycorrhizal fungi – what are they? How are they used in horticulture? Nitrogen fixing bacteria – what are they? How do gardeners take advantage of them?
• 4.
  Stems – Structureand Purpose What are stems for? What is the internal structure of the stem? Stem vascular system Differences between stem and roots Differences between monocot and dicot stems.
• 5.
  Buds – differenttypes Apical bud – at the tip of the shoot. What is apical dominance? How can this be manipulated by gardeners? Axillary buds – at the joint between leaf and stem (at the node). Usually dormant or leaf producing.
• 6.
  Stem Adaptations Waterstorage – e.g. Opuntia sp. Thorns for protection - Crataegeus monogyna (Common Hawthorn) Dormancy – storing food to allow avoidance of hostile conditions over winter or during summer drought e.g. Zingiber officinale (Ginger ) has a rhizome, Solanum tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum (potato) has stem tubers
• 7.
  Leaves –function andstructure (1) Function of leaves – photosynthesis External structure Petiole Lamina Midrib Veins
• 8.
  Leaves –function andstructure (2) Internal structure Epidermis Cuticle Chloroplasts Palisade cells Stomata Spongy mesophyll Xylem Phloem
• 9.
  Leaf Adaptations Tendrils– for climbing e.g. Lathyrus odoratus Leaf Hairs – for protection from the sun e.g. Stachys byzantina Spines – for protection from grazing animals e.g. Ilex aquifolia Food storage – for over-wintering, e.g. Narcissus spp.
• 10.
  Leaf adaptations (2)Leaf fall for deciduous trees – formation of abscission layer; recovery of chemical components of chlorophyll; leaf fall.
• 11.
  Leaf form andleaf arrangement (phyllotaxy) Various different leaf forms – known by different descriptive names to enable clear identification Phyllotaxy is the name for the arrangement of leaves on a plant. Prevents the leaves from shading each other.
• 12.
  Learning outcomes 1. Roots (2) 1.3.4 Describe how the root is adapted in order to perform specific functions. 1.3.5 Root fungi and bacteria- symbiosis 2. Stems – structure and purpose 2.1 Describe how the stem develops. 2.2 Describe different types of buds and state where they occur in the plant . 2.3 Identify the two elements of the vascular system and name their purposes 2.4 Describe how the stem is adapted in order to perform specific functions. 3. Leaves – structure and purpose 3.1 Describe the structure of the leaf. 3.2 Describe how leaf shape, size, form and colour can vary. 3.3 Describe how leaves are adapted in order to perform certain functions 4. Plant file – plant identification from week 2 and introduce 3 new plants.