robotics.pptx
- 2. Introduction to Robotics Building Blocks of Robots Classifications of Robots Functions Involved in Robotic Movements Software Architecture AI in Robotics Application Domain Pros and Cons Conclusion
- 3. Introduction to Robotics Robotics is a branch of engineering and science that includes electronics engineering, mechanical engineering and computer science and so on. This branch deals with the design, construction, use to control robots, sensory feedback and information processing Definition :- The modern definition of a robot can be an electro- mechanical device which follows a set of instructions to carry out certain jobs.
- 4. Building Blocks of Robots (Actuators, Sensors, Processors and Controllers) Actuators: Actuators move the different Parts of the robots by the specified amount and the specified point of time, angle or the linear translation, as per the commands received from the controllers. Along with the motion actuators also provide the requisite force to the members. Examples: permanent magnet D.C. motors, stepper motors, Electric Actuators, Hydraulic Actuators, pneumatic Actuators.
- 6. Sensors : As the name suggest can sense the surroundings and the different objects with which it is interacting. Sensors provide feedback to the controlling system about the motion of actuators and other members, how much they have moved, what is the speed, acceleration and also sensors can provide information about pressures and forces which are acting upon. Some advanced sensors such as optical sensor, thermal sensors and vision sensors which can create more vivid image of the surroundings and provide more detailed information to the controlling system. Examples :- Ultrasound, Thermal, Optical, Vision..etc.
- 8. Processors and Controllers To give the starting command to the actuators, receive and process the feedback information from the sensors and then provide the corrected signal to the actuators, Processing and Controlling system is required. Controllers are programmed as per the function to the robot, certain software and programmers are used for this purpose. The feed back information received from the sensors is passed through the signal convertors where is made usable and passed on to the processors which in turn disseminate the modified signals.
- 9. Classifications of Robots Generally robots fall into one of three primary categories. 1. Manipulators 2. Mobile robot 3. Humanoid robots
- 10. Manipulators A robot manipulator is a Robotic arm -like mechanism that is designed to manipulate or move materials, tools, and parts without direct human contact. Most robotic manipulators are lightweight devices that enable humans to interact with objects in an environment in total safety. Sometimes, a material may be hazardous or radioactive, or it may just be located in an inaccessible place. Robot manipulators resemble robotic arms and consist of a number of segments.
- 12. Mobile Robot A mobile robot is a machine controlled by software that use sensors and other technology to identify its surroundings and move around its environment. Mobile robots function using a combination of artificial intelligence and physical robotic elements, such as wheels, tracks and legs. They are used to assist with work processes and even accomplish tasks that are impossible or dangerous for human workers. Examples:- Polar robots, Aerial robots, Land or home robots, Underwater robots, Delivery and transportation mobile robots.
- 14. Humanoid Robots A Humanoid may be defined as something that resembles or looks like a human and having characteristics like opposable thumb, ability to walk in upright position, etc. Androids are humanoid robots built to resemble a male human, and Ganoids are humanoid robots built to resemble a human female. Features of Humanoid Robots The characteristics features of Humanoid Robots include: . self-maintenance . autonomous learning . avoiding harmful situations to people, property, and itself . safe interacting with human beings and the environment
- 16. Functions Involved in Robotic Movements • Degree Of Freedom (DOF):- We count one degree of freedom for each independent direction in which a robot, or one of its effectors, can move. • Kinematic State And Dynamic State • Revolute Joints:- generate rotational motion • Prismatic Joint:- Sliding Motion • Differential Drive :-two independently actuated wheels, as on a military tank
- 17. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES Of ROBOTIC A methodology for structuring algorithms is called a software architecture. An architecture includes languages and tools for writing programs, as well as an overall philosophy for how programs can be brought together. The Architecture of a robotic software vary from different purpose for which the robot is used most commonly used is a hybrid architecture which comprises of subsumption archicture, finite automata theory, Three-layer archicture,.etc.
- 19. AI in Robotics AI gives robots a computer vision to navigate, sense and calculate their reaction accordingly. Robots learn to perform their tasks from humans through machine learning which again is a part of computer programming and AI. • Weak Artificial Intelligence • Strong Artificial Intelligence • Specialized Artificial Intelligence
- 20. 1. Weak Artificial Intelligence This type of AI is used to create a simulation of human thought and interaction. The robots have predefined commands and responses. However, the robots do not understand the commands they do only the work of retrieving the appropriate response when the suitable command is given. The most suitable example of this is Cortana, Siri and Alexa. The AI in these devices only executes the tasks as demanded by the owner.
- 21. 2. Strong Artificial Intelligence This type of AI is used in those robots who perform their tasks on their own. They do not need any kind of supervision once they are programmed to do the task correctly. This type of AI is widely used nowadays as many of the things are becoming automated and one of the most interesting examples is self-driving cars and internet cars. This type of AI is also used in humanoid robots which can sense their environment quite well and interact with their surroundings. Also, robotic surgeons are becoming popular day by day as there is no human intervention required at all.
- 22. 3. Specialized Artificial Intelligence This type of AI is used when the robot needs to perform only specified special tasks. It is restricted only to limited tasks. This includes mainly industrial robots which perform specified and repetitive tasks like painting, tightening, etc.
- 23. Application Domain Industries − Robots are used for handling material, cutting, welding, color coating, drilling, polishing, etc. Military − Autonomous robots can reach inaccessible and hazardous zones during war. A robot named Daksh, developed by Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), is in function to destroy life-threatening objects safely. Medicine − The robots are capable of carrying out hundreds of clinical tests simultaneously, rehabilitating permanently disabled people, and performing complex surgeries such as brain tumors. Exploration − The robot rock climbers used for space exploration, underwater drones used for ocean exploration are to name a few. Entertainment − Disney’s engineers have created hundreds of robots for movie making.
- 24. Pros and Cons • They are fast, accurate and save time • They can access inaccessible places • They can be used repetitively • They can operate in harsh conditions effectively • They can do what people are unwilling to do • Robots need power to work • Robots create unemployment • Robots are expensive to maintain • Robots cannot solve a crisis • Robots can be dangerous
- 25. Conclusion Artificial intelligence is a never ending process, we cannot keep a end to our thoughts they keep on coming , training a machine to think like a human being, is too long from now .