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Role of Civil Engg in Sustainable Development of India_21Oct2016.pdf
This is a presentation for the technical paper selected for presentation by the Institute of Engineers India for the seminar held at Goa in 2016. It brings out the importnce of sustainable development and what role Civil Engineers need to play in this regard.
Role of Civil Engg in Sustainable Development of India_21Oct2016.pdf
- 1. Role of CivilEngineering in Sustainable Development of India Author: Harsimran Singh, IRSE Deputy General Manager (General) South Eastern Railway 21st Oct, 2016
- 2. We can’t burnhalf the world’s Oil, Coal and Gas. So how do we Quit? ... Mike Berners-LEE & Duncan Clark : The Burning Question, Profile Books Background
- 3. Facts So far wehave raised average temperature of the earth by 0.8 degree Celsius and that has caused far more damage than most scientists expected. The increase upto 2 degree Celsius is said to be devastating. CO2 emissions increased to 35.7 GT in 2014. Scientists believe that we can pump in 565 more gigatonnes of CO2 by mid century and and still have some reasonable hope (about 4 chances in 5) of staying below 2 degree celcius. ????????
- 4. Sustainable development as“meeting the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs”. …Brundtland report (1987) Role of Civil Engineer has changed from “The one who directs nature’s great power source to convenience and use of man” to “the guardians of built and natural environment” Sustainability
- 5. Global Statistics The top4 emitting countries/regions accountig for 61% of the total global CO2 emissions : China (30%), United States (15%), European Union (EU-28) (10%) India (6.5%) China as well as US increased CO2 emissions by only 0.9% in 2014 compared to 2013. Rate of reduction in emissions in the EU-28 increased in 2014 to 5.4%. Per capita emissions of US are twice as high as those of China and EU. Emissions increased in India by 7.8% to 2.3GT in 2014 vis- à-vis 2013
- 6. The increasein CO2 emissions in 2014 was mainly caused by an 11.1% increase in coal consumption, which accounted for 56.5% of its total primary energy consumption. In her INDC contribution to the UNFCCC, India’s power generation target for 2030 is to have 40% energy from renewable sources (Solar & wind) and other low-carbon sources, compared to the current 19%, 3% of which is now in nuclear power (UNFCCC, 2015). India has planned to ramp up the production of solar energy from 20GW currently to 100GW by 2022. Indian Railway will procure 1000MW of solar power over a 5 year peroid. India would create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon-dioxide through extra forest and tree cover by 2030. INDIAN SCENARIO
- 7. CO2 emissionsare generated by Carbonate oxidation in the cement clinker production process, the main constituent of cement, and contributing to about 4.1% of the global emissions. Fuel combustion emissions of CO2 related to cement production are of approximately the same level, so, in total, cement production accounts for roughly 8% of global CO2 emissions. China accounted for 59% of global cement production in 2014 followed by India (7%). • In steel production, most CO2 is generated in iron and steel making processes that use coke ovens, blast furnaces & basic oxygen steel furnaces. • India accounts for 5% of global crude steel production after China(49%),EU(10%), Japan (7%), the US(5%). IMPACT : CEMENT & STEEL
- 8. Features ofSustainable Building: Reducing embodied energy, i.e., the energy required in production of a material including raw material. Natural materials have less embodied energy, hence civil engineer must explore alternatives in natural materials. For example Straw bale construction, consisting of straw, a plant fragment is non-living and left over after harvesting. It is an epitome of sustainable construction. Construction Waste Reduction. This saves land filling space apart from cost. Use of renewable energy system. Designing and constructing building in such a way that it eliminates or compensate the traditionally used methods for cooling, heating etc. Longer Life - durability of material, reusability, recyclability. Water conservation, i.e. use of waste water or water harvested from rain and use of renewable energy systems. Use of pollution free measures in construction so as to lead to environment sustainability. Reducing waste production to lead to increasing resource efficiency of building materials. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
- 9. US GreenBuilding Council It has documented its own certificate process in form of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). LEED has its rating system which judges building in following areas. Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and atmosphere Material and resources Indoor environmental quality Innovation and design process
- 10. Urgent requirementof integrating the concept of green construction and to aim to develop zero carbon cities to the extent possible. The Govt have therefore to jump into this field and issue mandatory guidelines because environmental sustainability cannot be ignored. The immediate problem is that it is green building is expensive over a short time, though it may not be expensive over the long run. The developers and investors who are concerned about making less profit, try to avoid green building. GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Asessment) developed by TERI (Tata Environment Research Institute) has been adopted by Government of India as national rating system. MACRO PLANNING
- 11. Engineers haveto aim for and lead to the sustainable development by meeting the needs of the society which are equitable so that there are liveable conditions and ecological efficiency as described in the diagram : “The Dimensions of Sustainability” BALANCING REQUIREMENTS
- 12. Civil Engineersmust be encouraged to think out of the box, develop critical thinking and good judgment. This can be done by greater exposure to practical field based problems and allowing them to come up with innovative solutions rather than conventional ones, and then analyzing solutions for feasibility. It is necessary because, sustainable construction includes many layers of decisions that impact the environment during the construction and beyond. Out of Box Thinking
- 13. When orderingwood or bricks/concrete blocks for a construction project, look for Forest certified wood and using wood that is generated locally, and for bricks/concrete blocks, decide about using fly-ash bricks if thermal power plant is in vicinity or using autoclave aerated concrete blocks if available in market. This reduces waste in shipping costs and cuts down on overall carbon emissions
- 14. Requirement OfComprehensive Approach In India for a lifetime analysis. Need to have a total approach than a mere patch work point system. For comprehensive plan for sustainable construction, every structure should be considered based on the following parameters: Plan, Design and Prepare Specifications based on Performance and Service Life Construction Methods Material Conservation and Selection Demolition and Recycling Energy Conservation COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
- 15. Structures in Indiaare designed well however so far in most specifications, there is no reference to any service life or calculations thereof. Deeper study of various service life prediction models and calculations is essential. Specifications must be performance based as opposed to their present form of being prescription based. PLANNING, DESIGN & SPECIFICATIONS
- 16. Wastage inthe construction industry is as high as 30%. Wastages are activities that absorb resources, man hours and materials but create no value. Most developed countries have different forums / institutes / academic institutions for seeking solutions to mitigate these wastages and lean construction practices that emerged have yielded encouraging results. Lean construction: Way to design production systems to minimize wastage of materials, time and efforts in order to generate the maximum possible value. It is said that you can be lean without being explicitly green, but it is nearly impossible to be as green as is possible without being lean. CONSTRUCTION METHODS
- 17. Minimization ofResource Depletion Minimization of Pollution Achieving Business And Environmental Excellence (SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY) In India, Initiatives are being taken only by some large private companies to adopt leaner construction practices, though mainly with objective of maximising profit. Need to not have a fully focused lean construction forum to go ahead in a comprehensive way to reduce wastage and have sustainable structures. LEAN CONSTRUCTION
- 22. MINERAL FIBRE FALSECEILING BAMBOO MAT FALSE CEILING SOLAR PANELS ON ROOF TOP ONLINE GRID FEEDING SYSTEM OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
- 23. The AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Encouraging various political, social, economic and technical aspects related to sustainable development. Improving skills, knowledge and information to facilitate sustainable future. Preferring economic methods that use natural resources Encouraging multidisciplinary, integrated and multi- objective goals in every step of design and construction. Promoting performance based standard and guidelines.
- 24. Government ofKerala has taken lead in formulating policy for green buildings. The goals of the policy are Constructing self-sustainable building consuming minimum energy. Popularizing and incorporating green building concept. Issuing guidelines to various organizations in building sector to adopt the policy. Implementation of green conservation code. Enhancing occupants health and comfort Maximizing reuse and reducing damage to environment