Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx

Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS
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CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
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Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic
analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns
and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law
enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively
deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner,
which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime
analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at
solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the
current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the
right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in

the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by
USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne &
Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has
majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential
to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the
increased crime rates. With the current advancement in
technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has
enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All
this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who
have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law
enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke,
2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime
analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes.
Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to
make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in
predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to
effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting
Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has
enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the
previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe
crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law
enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as
when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime
analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an
increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey
done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for
every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the
use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive
effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can
identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis:
Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other
sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets,
databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use
data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis

has had many positive impacts in different areas, which
includes robberies and arsons with pattern examining as well as
reviewing events sequence (Santos, 2012).
Use crime analysis technology is very useful in fighting
terrorism activities through analysis of previous crimes and thus
predicting any intended cyber-attacks. One of the most
important federal agency mandated to deal with terrorist
activity is the FBI. Therefore, be essential to implementing the
initiative to the FBI agent. FBI is a U.S. domestic security and
intelligence service. The FBI operates under the United States
department of justice jurisdiction and usually reports to the
director of national intelligence and attorney general. FBI is the
United States leading organization when it comes to matters
aimed at countering terrorist activities as well as investigation
of criminal activities. The FBI formed in 1908, the organization
currently has about 35,204 employees, and its headquarters are
in Washington, D.C. Having being involved in both law
enforcing responsibilities as well as intelligence, the FBI is
unique as it has dual responsibilities and thus significant agency
in the U.S. Some of the vital roles includes ensuring the United
States has protection from terrorist activities as well as foreign
threat activities. In addition, it mandates upholding and
enforcing criminal laws of the U.S. as well as providing
criminal justice services and leadership to both federal, state,
international agencies as well as municipal. Implementing a
better law enforcement initiative in the FBI is therefore very
important, as it will strengthen the ability of the FBI when it
comes to dealing with the terrorist as well as ensuring the
nation has protection from other foreign threats. To ensure the
success of the initiative, most of the stakeholders will be
technological companies. Technological companies will ensure
the success of the action reaches achievement. The target
audience will be the leaders of the FBI agents, as this will
ensure that the information reaches the rest of the FBI
fraternity.
Peer-Reviewed Article Analysis

Technology has evolved over the years in various sectors, with
new technological innovations being developed. One of the
areas that has witnessed great applications of technological
evolution is in the detection and prevention of crime. This
article will analyze the various technologies that are used to
prevent and detect crime.
Byrne and Marx (2011) in their article reviews the topic in
detail and gives insight in the role of technology in combating
crime.
The key data that will be used in this research is secondary data
from various peer-reviewed sources that review the topic of
Crime Analysis Technology from various perspectives. Byrne
and Marx (2011) presents various data on crime and the use of
Information Technology in crime detection and prevention. For
instance, it highlights that the percentage of schools in the
United States that deploy metal detectors is approximately 2%.
The article also approximates that as of 2006, one million
CCTV cameras had been deployed in the United States,
although the article does not provide current estimates on the
same.
The article plays a great role in my final research. It gives a
highlight of the various technological applications for crime
prevention and detection. This can provide a background for
further research, especially the technological innovations that
are currently being developed. The article also presents figures
about various elements of technology in crime prevention and
detection such as the number of CCTV cameras, the crime rates
such as the registered sex offenders, among others. Projections
can therefore be made to the future.
The article mentions several significant facts. First, it classifies
technological innovations in criminal justice as hard technology
versus soft technology. Hard technology innovations include
hardware and materials while soft technology innovations
include information systems and computer software. Examples
of hard technology is the CCTV cameras, metal detectors, and
security systems at homes and schools. Examples of soft

technology include predictive policing technology, crime
analysis techniques, software, and data sharing techniques,
among others. Both of the two categories of technological
innovations are important in criminal justice. Another fact is the
new technology of policing. The article identifies hard policing
technological tools such as non-lethal weaponry and
technologies for officer safety. It highlights soft policing
technologies such as data-driven policies in policing and
information sharing. Another important fact that the article
mentions is the issues that should be considered in
technological innovations in criminal justice. Some of the issues
mentioned in the article is that policy should be determined by
research and evaluation and using evidence-based practice
should be used to develop new programs or remodel the existing
ones.
Overall, the article provides a good background for further
research in technology in criminal justice system. More
innovations may be included in further research due to ongoing
technological innovations for crime prevention and detection.
For example, further research should look at technological
innovations to curb cyber-bullying due to the huge impact of
social media.
Literature Review
Crime detection and prevention has been a significant challenge
for law enforcement officers across the world. The threat of
crime to citizens, organizations, and governments is increasing
daily because of an increase in the use of the internet for
commercial activities and communication. Criminals are using
information, communication, and technology to carry out
activities such as breaking into individual bank accounts and
robbing people. Over the recent past, technological
advancement has enabled the covering of loopholes that exist in
the criminal justice system. The use of technology by law
enforcers can greatly promote their service delivery to the
public and prevention of crime. This literature review aims to
look at how technology facilitates crime detection and

prevention.
Technological advancement has offered law enforcement
officers with new strategies and perspectives to make use of
various innovations in different sectors. The study by Fatih and
Bekir (2015) reveals that technological advances improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of policing. For instance, social
network analysis is used as an essential tool in law enforcement
to discover, analyze, and envision criminal activities (Fatih and
Bekir, 2015). In addition, police to assess the crime incidents in
a particular area and identify any possible criminal relationship
can use crime mapping. Additionally, biometric technology is
essential in law enforcement as it helps in comparison of
sensitive information in different databases to verify the
authenticity of individuals.
The advancement in technology has not only changed the
community in how it carries out its activity but has also led to a
rise in crime rate. Nuth (2008) highlights that because of the
increase in complex criminal activities; crime fighters have
opted for ICT to help them to be efficient in their policing
efforts. New technologies have been of advantage and
disadvantage to both the criminals and law enforcers (Nuth,
2008). Although called for, practical territorial-based laws often
do not help because of the borderless ICTs that inhibit rigid
regulations and functionality of criminal laws. Therefore, Nuth
(2008) suggests that the use of new technologies should be
intertwined with international laws to help in dealing with
crime.
The use of artificial intelligence techniques has also helped in
the detection and prevention of crime. In the study by Dilek,
Cakir, and Aydin (2015), it is evident that artificial intelligence
techniques have great applications in the fight against crime
because they offer learning abilities and flexibility to Intrusion
Detection Systems software. This method has become widely
used in cyber defense and various processes of making
decisions. Artificial intelligence provides bio-inspired
computing techniques that help in detecting and preventing

cybercrime (Dilek, Cakir, and Aydin, 2015). Techniques applied
in artificial intelligence include the use of the genetic
algorithm, intelligent agent, and artificial neural network,
among others.
Forensic science has become an essential tool used by crime
investigative agencies to carry out investigations on a crime. In
the literature review by Cyprian (2010), the criminal justice
system can identify crime with impartial evidence analyzed by
chemists, serologists, and ballisticists. These techno-scientists
use sensor technology to analyze biological, chemical, and
physical pieces of evidence that are linked to a criminal
(Cyprian, 2010). An example of techno science is the use of
fingerprints and DNA to identify a criminal.
A thorough review of the literature revealed that technology has
been essential in the effort to detect and curb the rising level of
crime rates. The evidence from the study by Fatih and Bekir
(2015) and Nuth (2008) revealed that technology has improved
policing efforts with various innovative tools and knowledge.
Moreover, Dilek, Cakir, and Aydin (2015) and Cyprian (2010)
have demonstrated the use of artificial intelligence and forensic
science, respectively, in dealing with crime.
Strom (2017) presented a report on the impact of technology on
policing in the 21st century. He presented data on various
aspects of the use of technology on policing. Examples of the
issues he presented in the report are descriptive statistics on the
prevalence of technology in law enforcement, how the
prevalence vary by agency characteristics, most important
technological advancements, among others. For instance, the
agencies that reported the use of car cameras nationally was
70% and social media was 68%. The agencies that used cell-
phone tracking software was about a third of all the agencies.
These statistics are in Exhibit 9 of the report. The technologies
that had the low usage percentages were predictive analysis
software at 4%, rapid DNA technology at 2%, among others.
Ninety six percent of agencies have implemented at least one
technological tool in law enforcement. Large agencies used

more technology than smaller ones. The report indicates that
there are significant gaps of technology use that need to be
implemented. Technological tools such as predictive analytics
and rapid DNA technology still have low prevalence rates in the
law enforcement systems. Therefore, more resources need to be
channeled to law enforcement agencies to address the numerous
gaps. There is also a difference in technology use in the
criminal justice systems between different regions. The
disparity needs to be addressed by the relevant bodies to ensure
equity across the different regions. We conclude, from the
evidence, that application of the current technology
advancement in the criminal justice system will significantly
transform the world into a better place.

References
Crime Analysis and Patterns. (n.d.). The International Crime
Drop. doi:10.1057/9781137291462.0014
Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data. (2017, June 12).
Retrieved from
https://www.floridatechonline.com/blog/criminal-justice/crime-
analysis-fighting-crime-with-data/
Crime Analysts Fight Crime From Behind a Keyboard. (2019,
July 29). Retrieved from
https://online.campbellsville.edu/criminal-justice/crime-
analysts/
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): History, Role & Purpose.
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/federal-bureau-of-
investigation-fbi-history-role-purpose.html
Osborne, D., & Wernicke, S. (2013). Introduction to Crime
Analysis: Basic Resources for Criminal Justice Practice.
London, England: Routledge.
Santos, R. B. (2012). Crime Analysis With Crime Mapping.
SAGE.
The United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). The
FBI Story.
Byrne, J. & Marx, G. (2011). Technological Innovations in
Crime Prevention and Policing. A
Review of the Research on Implementation and Impact.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/238011.pdf
Cyprian En, O. (2010). Technoscience in Crime Detection and
Control: A Review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(17), 1873–
1884. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.1873.1884
Dilek, S., Cakır, H., & Aydın, M. (2015). Applications of
Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Combating Cyber Crimes:
A Review. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence &

Applications, 6(1), 21–39.
https://doi.org/10.5121/ijaia.2015.6102
Fatih, T., & Bekir, C. (2015). Police use of technology to fight
against crime. European scientific journal, 11(10).
Nuth, M. S. (2008). Taking advantage of new technologies: For
and against crime. Computer Law & Security Review, 24(5),
437–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2008.07.003
Strom, K. (2017). Research on the Impact of Technology on
Policing Strategy in the 21st Century, Final Report. Retrieved
from
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251140.pdf
PHI-105 Types of Communication Table
In order to write a quality persuasive essay that incorporates
critical thinking, you must include a mixture of informative,
explanatory, and persuasive statements because to persuade
someone you must:
a) Inform them about the topic
b) Explain your argument
c) Persuade your audience to your point of view.
Directions:
1. Use the table below to do the following:
a) Choose a concept and write an informative statement, an
explanatory statement, and a persuasive statement for the
concept in the appropriate boxes. An example has been
completed for you in red.
b) In part b of the table, select a concept from the draft of your
persuasive essay and provide an example of one informative
statement, one explanatory statement, and one persuasive
statement based on the concept you chose.
c) As discussed in the module lecture, language is intertwined
with critical thinking. In part c of the table, in 200-250 words

explain the relationship between informative, explanatory, and
persuasive statements and critical thinking.
Concept
Informative:
(Just the facts)
Explanatory:
(Description of the facts)
Persuasive:
(Position on the facts)
Example Concept
Baseball
Baseball is a sport involving 9 players positioned in various
places on a field, who are attempting to keep the other team
from advancing bases.
There are many ways to score runs in baseball. The most
efficient way is for your team to get a series of base hits
eventually bringing runners home. In order to do this, players
must have good hitting ability, running ability, and judgment.
Quality pitchers are more important than power hitters, because
keeping runs off the board could give the pitcher’s team more
opportunity to win. Teams that have better pitchers almost
always end up being the better team.
Part A: Concept of your Choice
Part B: Concept selected from your persuasive essay
Part C: In 200-250 words explain the relationship between
informative, explanatory, and persuasive statements and critical

Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx

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