SAFETY GET.PPT

Industrial Safety Practices
WELCOME TO
PROGRAMME ON
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
SAFETY DIVISION.
TPS-I Expn

WHAT IS FACTORY
 Sec 2 (m) of The Factories Act 1948
 Whereon ten or more workers are working with Aid of power
 Whereon twenty or more workers are working without Aid of
power
 Sec 2 (l) of The Factories Act 1948
 “Worker” means a person employed directly or through
contractor with or without knowledge of the principle
employer whether for remuneration or not in any
manufacturing process, or in any kind of work incidental to, or
connected to manufacturing process

Why Safety?
What is Safety?
Free from Accident, Free from
Illness, Free from Harmful Effects
Free from Hazard
Free from Risk
Dictionary meaning is condition of
being safe

Definitions…
 Safety is frequently defined as free from hazards.
However, It is practically impossible to completely
eliminate all hazards. Safety is therefore a matter of
Relative Protection from exposure to hazards; the
antonym to danger.
 Hazards are defined as the potential source of
harm or damage to people, property or the
environment.
 Risk is defined as a measure of the probability of a
Hazards related incident occurring and the severity
of harm or damage that could result.

CAN WE ACHIEVE?
ZERO MACHINES
ZERO EMPLYEES

CAN WE ACHIEVE?
• ZERO ACCIDENTS

AVENUES OF SAFETY
Skill
Attitude
Foresight
Education
Team work
Your common sense

Symptoms - State of being safe
• No injuries
• No accidents
• No place for unplanned activity
• All activities well defined
• Every one knows his job well
• Wearing required PPE
• Preparedness for unplanned event
• Operating excellence
• Every one takes pride in doing his job well.
Circus video clip

UNFORESEEN & UNEXPECTED
OCCURENCES THAT INTERRUPT
THE REGULAR WORK WHICH MAY
OR MAY NOT CAUSE INJURIES TO
PERSONS OR DAMAGES TO
PROPERTIES.

HEINRICH ANALYSIS
OF ACCIDENTS
1
ACCIDENT
29
NEAR ACCIDENT
300
INCIDENTS

Cause of Accident
• Unsafe Conditions
• Unsafe Actions
• Personal Causes
• Proximate Causes
Safety

How an Accident Occurs?
 Accident occurs only as a result of unsafe
actions or unsafe conditions
 Unsafe actions or unsafe conditions exist
only because faults of persons
 Faults of persons are due to Improper
Environment or Inadequate Systems
 Improper Environment is due to personal,
physical, physiological, psychological or
socio-economic reasons

ACCIDENT
UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE CONDITION
PROPERTY
DAMAGE
BUSINESS INTERRUPTIONS
INJURY

HEINRICH ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Ancestry &
Social
environment
Fault of
persons
Unsafe act
(or) unsafe
condition
Accident Injury

Accident Causation Model
(used to predict accidents)
Inadequate:
• System
•System Stds.
•Compliance
to Std
Personal
factors
or
System/Job
factors
Unsafe act
unsafe
condition
event
Unintended
Harm
and/or
Damage
Loss Control Model
(used to analyse accidents)
Lack of
Control
Basic Causes
Immediate
Causes
Incident Loss
Threshold limit

MANAGEMENT THROUGH SUPERVISION
UNSAFE ACTS
OF PERSONS (88%)
UNSAFE CONDITIONS (10%)
ACCIDENTS
98% PREVENTABLE TYPE
2% UNPREVENTABLE
50% PRACTICABLY PREVENTABLE
HUMAN FALIURE
(KNOWLEDGE-ATTITUDE-FITNESS- ABLITY)
CONTROLS
WHICH CAUSES OR PERMITS
WHICH CAUSES

What is Safety Practice?
Safety Practice is the identification,
evaluation and control of hazards to prevent
or mitigate harm or damage to people,
property or the environment.
That practice is based on knowledge and skill
as respects applied engineering, applied
sciences, applied management and
legal/regulatory and professional affairs.

How to Prevent Accidents?
Engineering Revision
Personnel Adjustment
Safety Education & Training
Supervision
Inspection & Investigation
Discipline

Risk reduction layers
PROTECTIVE LAYERS WITH < 100%RELIABILITY
Modified
event
likelihood
H
Hazard with
Certain
Frequency
Of likelihood
Each layer reduces the likelihood of
the event

Elements of Safety Practice
 Design of Engineering Hazards Control
 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
 Environmental Safety and Health
 Safety Management
 Safety Education and Training
 Accident Reporting, Investigation and Analysis
 Materials Handling
 Fire Safety
 Product Safety
 Construction Safety
 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering
 Human Behaviour
 Legal Systems

Safety Management
 Management Commitment,Direction and Involvement
 Establishing Accountability
 Safety Policy
 Safety Organisation/Safety Committees/Safety Budget
 Safe Operating Procedures
 Hazard Identification and Control
 Work Permit Systems
 Information/Communication Systems
 Management of Change
 Personal Protective Equipment

Safety policy features
Top management commitment
Reward system
Reporting system
Resource allocation
1. Organizational
level
Safety planning
Control
Safety Training
Safety activities
Safety management
2. Management level
SAFETY ROLE
Safety implementation
Communication
Coordination
Cooperation
Team work
3. Team level
Safety performance
Safety awareness
Safety behavior
Safety attitude
4. Individual level

Design of Engineering
Hazards Control
 Enclosing of Machinery (Machine Guarding)
 Elimination of Hazards
 Isolation of Equipment/Process
 Substitution of material/equipment/process
 Ergonomics
 Personal Protective Equipment

Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
 Work Environment Monitoring
 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
 Chemical Safety Management
 Occupational Health Services

Environmental Safety and
Health
 Prevention of Air Pollution
 Prevention of Water Pollution
 Prevention of Noise Pollution
 Compliance to Environmental Laws

Safety Education and Training
 Workers Training
 Supervisory Training
 Management Training
 On the Job Training
 In-house Training
 External Training

Hazard Identification and Control
 Job Safety Analysis
 Plant Safety Inspections
 Accident Investigations
 Safety Audits/Studies/Surveys
 Risk Analysis
 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
 Event Tree Analysis
 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
 Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies

Work Permit Systems
 Working at Heights
 Entry into Confined Space
 Excavation work
 Electrical Maintenance
 Hot Work
 Erection of Heavy Machinery

SAFETY BEING COLLECTIVE
RESPONSIBILITY, THEN
MY ROLE IS LEAD FROM
FIRST
THANKYOU

Accident Investigation and
Analysis
 Accident Reporting Procedures
 Accident Investigation Procedures
 Accident Recording Procedures
 Accident Analysis Procedures
 Assessment of Safety Performance
 Remedial Action and follow-up

Materials Handling
 Manual Handling of materials
 Mechanical Handling of Materials
 Stacking/Unstacking of Materials
 Transportation of Materials
 Use, Care and Maintenance of Equipment
 Testing Requirements for Equipment

Fire Safety
 Fire Prevention systems
 Fire Protection systems
 Regular Fire Drills
 Periodical Mock Drills
 Training in Fire Fighting

 Ergonomics
 Human Behaviour
 Structural Safety
 Product Safety

Legal Systems
 Laws on Occupational Safety & Health
 Laws on Pollution Control
 Laws on Environmental Protection
 Other Safety Legislations

List of Safety Statutes
 The Factories Act, 1948
 The Explosives Act, 1884
 The Petroleum Act, 1934
 The Indian Electricity Act, 1910
 The Indian Boilers Act, 1923
 The Mines Act, 1952
 The Building & other Construction Workers Act, 1996
 The Dock Workers (Safety, Health &Welfare) Act, 1986
 The Environment Protection Act, 1986
 The Atomic Energy Act, 1972

The Factories Act, 1948
 The Factories Act, 1948 as amended in the
year 1987
 The Model Rules framed by the Central
Government (DGFASLI)
 The Factory Rules framed by the respective
State Governments

Role of Government
 Central Government enacts the Factories Act,1948.
 Central Government provides advisory services
such as Training, Research and Consultancy to the
factories and Training to State enforcement
officials.
 State Government carries out enforcement of the
provisions by inspection and direct interaction with
the factories.

Salient Features of the
Factories Act, 1948
 In line with the ILO Convention No. 155
 First enacted by Central Government in 1948
 Applies to the whole of India
 Covers Safety, Health & Welfare aspects
 States empowered to frame their own rules
 Model rules framed by central Government to
ensure uniformity in rules

Safety Provisions…
Sec. 21. Fencing of machinery
Sec. 22. Work on or near machinery in motion
Sec. 23. Employment of young persons on dangerous
machines
Sec. 27. Prohibition of employment of women and children
Sec. 28. Hoists and lifts
Sec. 29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles
Sec. 30. Revolving machinery
Sec. 31. Pressure plant
Sec. 32. Floors, stairs and means of access

Sec. 34. Excessive weights
Sec. 35. Protection of eyes
Sec. 36. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc.
Sec. 36A. Precautions regarding use of portable electric light
Sec. 37. Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc.
Sec. 38. Precautions in case of fire
Sec. 40. Safety of buildings and machinery
Sec. 40A. Maintenance of buildings
Sec. 40B. Appointment of Safety Officers

Sec. 41A. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees
Sec. 41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the
occupier
Sec. 41C. Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation
to hazardous processes
Sec. 41D. Power of Central Government to appoint Inquiry
Committee
Sec. 41E. Emergency standards
Sec. 41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and
toxic substances
Sec. 41G. Workers' participation in safety management
Sec. 41H. Right of workers to warn about imminent danger

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