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Safety in Engineering Lecture 14.pptx
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- 2. Definition of aDisaster • "An event which afflicts a community, the consequences of which are beyond the immediate financial, material or emotional resources of the community”. • ”An event where ten or more fatalities result from one event which occurs over a relatively short period of time."
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- 4. Classification in termsof the number of fatalities
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- 7. Definition of aDisaster • Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. (WHO) . • A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross)
- 8. Definition of aHazard • Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. • “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and property…… A disaster is a realization of this hazard.”
- 9. Disaster Management mustbe … • Comprehensive – disaster managers consider and take into account all hazards, all phases, and all impacts relevant to disasters. • Progressive – anticipate future disasters and take preventive and preparatory measures • Risk-driven – use sound risk management principles (hazard identification, risk analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities and resources. • Integrated – ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.
- 10. Disaster Management mustalso be … • Collaborative – create and sustain broad and sincere relationships among individuals and organizations . • Coordinated – synchronize the activities to achieve a common purpose. • Flexible – use creative and innovative approaches in solving disaster challenges. • Professional – value a science and knowledge based approach for continuous improvement.
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- 14. Definition of DisasterManagement • Policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. It encompasses all aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities.
- 15. Disaster Management includes… •Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. • Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. • Capacity-building. • Preparedness to deal with any disaster. • Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. • Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster. • Evacuation, rescue and relief. • Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
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- 18. Phases of DisasterManagement
- 19. Disaster Preparedness • Disasterpreparedness is “a programme of long-term development activities which goals are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a given organisation to manage efficiently all types of risks and accidents.
- 20. Disaster Preparedness includes… 1.Identify the risks . 2. Organise communication 3. Ensure appropriate coordination and response 4. Ensure resource availability 5. Develop public education programmes 6. Coordinate information with the media 7. Perform disaster simulations.
- 21. 1. Identify therisks • Identify all potential risks, analyse, assess and evaluate. • Explore all vulnerabilities to disasters/emergencies of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Environmental (CBRNE) origin
- 22. 2. Organise Communication •Be sure to have appropriate warning systems in place to prepare for the danger and act accordingly to mitigate or avoid it.
- 23. 3.Ensure an appropriatecoordination and response mechanism • Work closely with agencies with a shared operational interest, e.g. health, water and sanitation with the aim of avoiding gaps and duplications. • Be sure to have a clear lead organisation in each sector
- 24. 4. Ensure resourceavailability • Be sure that (all) appropriate resources are mobilised, available and easily deployable. • Ideally, a central and up-to-date database is available and readily shows where all such resources are, what status they are in and who and how to operate them.
- 25. 5. Develop publiceducation programmes • People in the vicinity must be made aware of the risk from the hazards (e.g. chemical agents) and the necessary protective actions well-before an emergency occurs.
- 26. 6. Coordinate informationwith news media • Be sure to have a good working relationship with the media • Liaise with the media in the area of risk reduction advocacy, disaster mitigation preparedness and response.
- 27. 7. Perform DisasterSimulations • Be sure to conduct simulation exercises (Discussion- based, Table top, or Live) to practice how to respond to a disaster. • Evaluate and update plans and standard operating procedures accordingly.
- 28. Disaster Response oTo reducethe suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster – to include: • Mass evacuation • Search and rescue • Emergency medical services • Securing food and water • Maintenance of Law & Order • First aid • Field care • Triage • Tagging • Identification of Dead
- 29. Triage • Required forrapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their injuries and their likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention. • High priority is given to those who's immediate or long- term prognosis can be changed dramatically with simple intensive care.
- 31. Disaster Recovery oRepatriation: displacedpeople return to their place of origin. o Rehabilitation: restoration of basic social functions. • Providing temporary shelters, • Stress debriefing for responders and victims, • Economic Rehabilitation, • Psycho-social Rehabilitation, • Scientific Damage Assessment. Elements of recovery : • Community recovery (including psychological). • Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines). • Economy recovery ( financial, political ). • Environment recovery.
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- 33. Disaster Mitigation oPermanent reductionof risk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets. • Primary mitigation - reducing hazard & vulnerability. • Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard.